Beauty injections New Westminster

Beauty injections New Westminster

Type F botulinum toxin

These stories are just the beginning. Trust Manhas Health Co. to provide you with a seamless experience from start to finish. At Manhas Health Co., they're dedicated to helping you look refreshed and more youthful, without anyone guessing you've had work done. You'll walk out feeling like the best version of yourself, not someone else. Learn more about Beauty injections New Westminster here
Instead, you're getting a customized plan that targets your specific concerns with remarkable accuracy. Instead, Manhas Health Co. prides itself on providing personalized treatment plans. Learn more about Cosmetic injections in New Westminster here. At Manhas Health Co, your unique beauty goals are the cornerstone of our personalized treatment plans.
Let's uncover the key factors that contribute to its growing reputation as a leader in the industry. Botulotoxin She's now embracing her natural beauty, stepping out with newfound self-esteem. Bo tox Type D botulinum toxin Our team stays ahead of the curve, employing the latest techniques and products to ensure your safety and satisfaction.
They're committed to providing a comfortable and welcoming environment, making your journey towards enhanced beauty as pleasant as possible. Whether you're looking for subtle enhancements or more significant changes, they're there to guide you every step of the way. You're in expert hands, and we're here to guide you through every step of your aesthetic journey with professionalism, empathy, and unmatched expertise.

We make sure you're well-informed about aftercare and any necessary steps to maintain your results. They've also introduced a unique follow-up care protocol, providing you with peace of mind after your procedure. It's ideal for those seeking subtle, long-lasting results. Let's help you shine with confidence.

You're not just getting a service; you're benefiting from a collective pool of expertise that's always at the forefront of cosmetic innovation. Every tool and surface is meticulously cleaned and disinfected between appointments, reducing the risk of infection. This means you get personalized treatment plans that fit not just your cosmetic goals but also your lifestyle and budget.

You'll receive advice on aftercare and scheduled follow-ups to monitor your progress, ensuring that the results not only meet but exceed your expectations. It's this combination of accessibility, personalization, and societal acceptance that's fueling the popularity of aesthetic procedures.

Beauty injections New Westminster - Type D botulinum toxin

  1. Bo tox
  2. Botulinum toxin type a
  3. Botulin Toxin
  4. Bo tox
  5. Botulinum toxin type a
  6. Botulin Toxin
  7. Bo tox
  8. Botulinum toxin type a
  9. Botulin Toxin
  10. Bo tox
  11. Botulinum toxin type a
  12. Botulin Toxin
  13. Bo tox
  14. Botulinum toxin type a
  15. Botulin Toxin
  16. Bo tox
  17. Botulinum toxin type a
  18. Botulin Toxin
  19. Bo tox
  20. Botulinum toxin type a
DaxibotulinumtoxinA It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling in tune with oneself.

During this time, you'll discuss your concerns, desired outcomes, and any questions you might've about the process.

Beauty injections New Westminster - PrabotulinumtoxinA

  • Botulin Toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
Reflecting the surge in cosmetic injection popularity, Manhas Health Co. offers a diverse range of services to meet this growing demand. At the heart of Manhas Health Co., you'll find a team of highly skilled professionals.

Youthful skin treatments New Westminster

The area now known as New Westminster was originally inhabited by Kwantlen First Nation The discovery of gold in BC and the arrival of gold seekers from the south prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land.

Anti-aging injections New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

New Westminster Museum

Tourist attraction, Archive, Museum
New Westminster Museum, 777 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3M 1B6
Small contemporary exhibition of local historical artifacts, records, photos & vehicles.

Fraser River Discovery Centre

Visitor center, Art museum, Children's amusement center, Science museum, Tourist attraction
Fraser River Discovery Centre, 788 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6Z6
Modern museum featuring hands-on educational exhibits about the Fraser River & its history.

Samson V Museum

Tourist attraction, Historical landmark, Historical place museum
Samson V Museum, 880 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6G1

FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ

Tourist attraction
FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ, Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6T8

Charles Rummel Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Charles Rummel Park, 3325 Piper Ave, Burnaby, BC V5A 2A8
Park featuring a playground with a splash area, plus a ball diamond, walking paths & restrooms.


Citations and other links

Crow’s feet wrinkle treatment Beauty injections New Westminster

Before any treatment, you'll undergo a comprehensive consultation to assess your needs and discuss potential risks. Choosing Manhas Health Co. for your cosmetic injections means you're not just selecting a clinic; you're choosing a partner in your journey toward self-confidence and well-being. Moreover, their commitment to using only the highest quality products ensures that you're getting the safest and most effective treatments available. This relentless drive for improvement means you're always receiving care that's at the cutting edge of what's possible in cosmetic injections. We understand that trust is paramount when it comes to cosmetic procedures.

Before your appointment, you'll need to avoid blood-thinning medications and supplements like aspirin and fish oil to reduce the risk of bruising. Choosing Manhas Health Co means you're prioritizing your well-being, choosing a clinic that's as invested in your beauty journey as you are. All you need to do is visit our website, where you'll find a simple booking form. Imagine you're seeking a transformation that not only enhances your appearance but also boosts your confidence.

Before you even begin your treatment, you'll undergo a thorough consultation. When you look in the mirror and love what you see, it naturally elevates how you feel about yourself. Dysport A These hyaluronic acid-based fillers not only add volume but also attract moisture to the skin, enhancing your overall glow. At Manhas Health Co., it's not just about the treatment; it's about crafting a personalized journey that leaves you feeling confident and cared for.

This growing trend isn't just about vanity; it's about people choosing non-surgical methods to enhance their self-esteem and confidence. That's where Manhas Health Co. steps in, becoming the go-to clinic for cosmetic injections in Beauty injections New Westminster. Our experts guide you through every step, providing insights into the latest techniques and how they can serve your specific objectives. Applying a cold compress can help alleviate any immediate swelling, but be sure not to apply direct pressure.

Beauty injections New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type D

  1. Botulin Toxin
  2. Botulotoxin
  3. Botulinum toxin B
  4. Onabotulinumtoxin
  5. Botulinum toxin type b
  6. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  7. Botulinus toxin
  8. Bontoxilysin
  9. Bo tox
  10. Botulinum toxin type a
  11. Botulin Toxin
  12. Botulotoxin
  13. Botulinum toxin B
  14. Onabotulinumtoxin
  15. Botulinum toxin type b
  16. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  17. Botulinus toxin
  18. Bontoxilysin


Crow’s feet wrinkle treatment Beauty injections New Westminster
Cheek sculpting injections Beauty injections New Westminster

Cheek sculpting injections Beauty injections New Westminster

After a personalized consultation, we tailored a treatment plan just for her. You won't feel left out in the cold once your treatment is complete.

Beauty injections New Westminster - Botulotoxin

  • Type F botulinum toxin
  • Botulismotoxin
  • PrabotulinumtoxinA
  • Dysport A
  • DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum toxin type D
  • Type D botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type G
  • Botulotoxin
  • Botulinum toxin B
  • Onabotulinumtoxin
  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • Botulinum Toxin Type B
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Botulismotoxin
  • PrabotulinumtoxinA
They're not just following the latest trends; they're setting them. It's all about providing a personalized experience that aligns with your expectations and lifestyle.

But what sets them apart in the bustling world of cosmetic enhancements? This step ensures that the services you're considering aren't only suitable but also safe for you.

Botulinum toxin type b

Filler for laugh lines Beauty injections New Westminster

While many seek cosmetic injections for aesthetic improvements, it's also worth noting they can significantly boost self-esteem and confidence. Moreover, they're pioneering the use of cutting-edge technology and materials, ensuring you're getting the safest, most advanced treatments available. This means you're getting top-notch service with cutting-edge techniques that minimize discomfort and maximize results. Our team is comprised of licensed professionals who've undergone extensive training in the latest cosmetic injection techniques. They understand that everyone's skin and cosmetic goals differ, which is why they've adopted a personalized care approach.

Instead, we're committed to working closely with you to design a treatment strategy that aligns perfectly with your vision of beauty and wellness. Manhas Health Co ensures that you're comfortable and confident with your treatment plan. But it's not all about the face. So, whether you're a first-timer or a seasoned veteran in the world of cosmetic injections, Manhas Health Co. is the go-to clinic in Beauty injections New Westminster for all your aesthetic needs. PrabotulinumtoxinA

With an eye on innovation, they're integrating advanced diagnostic tools and treatment methods that ensure precise, personalized treatments. But before you consider booking your consultation, there's much more to uncover about the careful balance they maintain between art and science, a balance that ensures you walk away looking like the best version of yourself. These services are designed to provide subtle yet impactful results, ensuring you maintain a natural appearance. This ensures that the procedure you choose is the best fit for you, both in terms of results and safety.

This collaborative effort ensures that expectations aren't only met but often exceeded. You'll find that their commitment to patient safety isn't just talk; it's deeply integrated into every aspect of their service. You're probably aware of the surge in popularity these treatments have gained, but may not know about the risks that come without proper safety measures. Understanding that each client has unique aesthetic goals, we create customized treatment plans tailored just for you.

Filler for laugh lines Beauty injections New Westminster
Lip rejuvenation Beauty injections New Westminster
Lip rejuvenation Beauty injections New Westminster

You'll find a broad spectrum designed to meet your specific aesthetic goals, whether you're aiming to reduce wrinkles, enhance facial contours, or restore volume to your skin. The emphasis on natural results means you won't find yourself looking 'done'-just unmistakably rejuvenated. We'll assess your facial structure, skin type, and any areas you wish to enhance or rejuvenate. Moreover, their state-of-the-art facility is equipped with the latest technology in cosmetic injections.

As Manhas Health Co. innovates in the field of cosmetic injections, it's setting new trends that are reshaping the aesthetic care landscape. They're transparent about the process, guiding you through each step and ensuring you're well-informed about the care you're receiving. Building on our commitment to personalized beauty solutions, we excel in the art of cosmetic injections, ensuring each treatment is expertly tailored to your unique facial structure and aesthetic goals.

Their staff is extensively trained and stays updated on the latest advancements in cosmetic injection techniques and safety procedures. That's what you get at Manhas Health Co.

Beauty injections New Westminster - Type F botulinum toxin

  1. Botulin Toxin
  2. Botulinum toxin type b
  3. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  4. Botulinus toxin
  5. Bontoxilysin
  6. Bo tox
  7. Botulinum toxin type a
  8. Botulin Toxin
  9. Botulinum toxin type b
  10. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  11. Botulinus toxin
  12. Bontoxilysin
  13. Bo tox
  14. Botulinum toxin type a
  15. Botulin Toxin
  16. Botulinum toxin type b
  17. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  18. Botulinus toxin
Whether you're aiming to rejuvenate your skin, enhance your features, or simply maintain a youthful appearance, Manhas Health Co. offers a range of cutting-edge treatments that stand out in Beauty injections New Westminster.

Our selection includes everything from Botox and dermal fillers to more specialized treatments like lip enhancements and cheek volumization. Then, we craft a personalized plan that aligns with your aspirations and lifestyle. Botulismotoxin Moreover, Manhas Health Co. is constantly updating their arsenal with the newest innovations in cosmetic care.

Facial Botox Beauty injections New Westminster

They hold certifications from recognized institutions, ensuring they're equipped with the latest information and skills needed to provide safe, effective treatments. Botulinum toxin type D You'll find yourself marveling at the array of cutting-edge options available.

Beauty injections New Westminster - Botulinus toxin

  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Onabotulinumtoxin
  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • Botulinum Toxin Type B
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulin Toxin
  • Onabotulinumtoxin
  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • Botulinum Toxin Type B
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Bo tox
  • Botulinum toxin type a
Whether you're looking for subtle enhancements or more significant transformations, our tailored treatment plans are designed to meet your expectations. So, when you choose Manhas Health Co, you're not just getting a cosmetic treatment; you're investing in the latest advancements in beauty care, designed to offer you the best possible results. Exploring the advanced treatment options at Manhas Health Co., you'll discover a world of innovative cosmetic solutions designed to meet your unique needs.
They don't just apply a one-size-fits-all approach; instead, they personalize the care to match your unique needs, utilizing advanced technology that sets them apart from the rest. Whether you're considering enhancing your natural beauty for the first time or you're a seasoned veteran in cosmetic procedures, understanding why Manhas Health Co stands out in a sea of options could be the game changer you've been looking for. We dive deep into understanding the anatomy of the face, how different muscles interact, and how they affect your expressions and appearance over time. In choosing Manhas Health Co for your cosmetic injections, you're opting for a clinic renowned for its expertise, personalized care, and cutting-edge treatments.
We also use state-of-the-art imaging technology to map out your treatment plan. Moreover, we prioritize your comfort and safety above all. Read more about Beauty injections New Westminster here If you're curious about what sets them apart in the realm of cosmetic injections, you'll find that the reasons behind their trusted reputation reveal much about the future of aesthetic treatments. Botulinum Toxin Type B The future of non-surgical beauty is bright, and it's tailored just for you, ensuring that you always look and feel your best.
Through the eyes of our clients, you'll witness the transformative power of expert cosmetic injections, showcasing dramatic yet natural-looking changes that truly reflect their desired outcomes. Manhas Health Co's commitment ensures you're not just getting a cosmetic enhancement but also the highest safety standards in the industry. Moreover, the follow-up care is something we're particularly proud of. Learn more about Beauty injections New Westminster here We start with a thorough consultation, listening to your goals and concerns.

Facial Botox Beauty injections New Westminster

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, there are age restrictions for receiving cosmetic injection services. You must be at least 18 years old. They ensure clients meet this requirement to provide safe and appropriate treatments tailored to each individual's needs.

Yes, you'll receive follow-up care and assessments after your cosmetic injection procedures to ensure you're healing properly and are satisfied with the results. It's part of their commitment to your safety and satisfaction.

You'd find that the practitioners administering cosmetic injections are highly qualified and experienced. They've undergone extensive training and possess certifications that ensure they deliver safe and effective treatments tailored to your specific needs and desires.