Botox and fillers New Westminster

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With just a few tiny injections, we've seen the transformation in our clients' faces and, more importantly, in their smiles. Learn more about Botox and filler experts in New Westminster here. We're committed to providing a comfortable and safe experience for everyone who walks through our doors seeking Botox treatments. Learn more about Botox and fillers New Westminster here We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best, and we're here to guide you every step of the way. We also recommend avoiding anti-inflammatory medications or blood thinners for a couple of days before your appointment, as these can increase bleeding and bruising. We consider your facial structure, skin type, and desired outcomes to craft a personalized treatment plan.
Our team is highly trained and experienced, ensuring every procedure is performed with the utmost care. Botox For Neck Rejuvenation Our team of experts, known for their professionalism and personalized approach, ensures that every treatment plan is tailored to meet the unique needs and expectations of our clients. Botox For Body Contouring It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more vibrant and self-assured. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in your skin.
Remember, this initial consultation is your opportunity to ask questions and express any concerns you might have. Botox works by temporarily paralyzing muscles, which smoothens skin and prevents new lines from forming. We listen to your concerns and goals to tailor a treatment plan that's just right for you. We're here to guide you through every step, ensuring your journey towards a more youthful and vibrant appearance is smooth and fulfilling.
It's not merely about injecting Botox; it's about knowing where and how much to inject to achieve desired results without affecting unintended muscles.

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Understanding that each individual's skin and facial structure is distinct, we start with a thorough consultation to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes. After receiving Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co., it's crucial to follow a tailored skincare regimen to ensure optimal results and skin health. Trust us to be your partners in beauty, offering expert advice and unparalleled care throughout your journey.

This simple step helps prevent the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. When considering Botox treatments, it's crucial to understand their safety profile and effectiveness, ensuring you're making a well-informed decision. It's common for clients to worry about the safety and side effects of these procedures. The science behind Botox is as fascinating as the results it delivers. I look like myself, just more vibrant.
We've built a reputation for excellence, focusing on personalized care that ensures each client feels heard, valued, and thoroughly understood. It's not just about aesthetics, though; understanding the science behind Botox helps us tailor treatments to each individual's needs, ensuring safety and effectiveness. We've all seen the dramatic transformations that can come from cosmetic Botox, like our client Sarah, who discovered a newfound confidence after her treatment at Manhas Health Co.

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in Botox and fillers New Westminster. Let's work together to unveil a more radiant, confident you.
Afterward, you can expect minor swelling or bruising at the injection sites, but these side effects usually subside within a few days. It's relatively painless, with most clients describing it as a slight pinch. Botox, a highly popular cosmetic treatment, offers numerous benefits ranging from reducing wrinkles to alleviating certain medical conditions. Read more about Botox and fillers New Westminster here Choosing Botox is a decision we respect and support, providing personalized consultations to address any concerns or questions.
That's why we don't take a one-size-fits-all approach.

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Moreover, we pride ourselves on using the latest techniques and highest quality products. Beyond the convenience of minimal downtime, we're proud to highlight that Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co. also offer long-lasting results that our clients love. Botox Cosmetic Specialists Ready to transform your appearance with Botox?

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The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Como Lake Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Como Lake Park, 700 Gatensbury St, Coquitlam, BC V3J 5G8
Snug urban green space with a lakeside trail, a play structure, sports fields & a picnic area.

West Village Park

Whalley
Tourist attraction, Park
West Village Park, 10357 133 St, Surrey, BC V3T 3Y9


Citations and other links

Best Botox and Filler Clinic in Botox and fillers New Westminster

It's all about creating a comfortable, informed experience that leaves you feeling confident and looking your best. In our quest for eternal youth, Manhas Health Co. has gently paved the way for those seeking to soften the hands of time in Botox and fillers New Westminster through their expert cosmetic Botox solutions. This commitment to ongoing education means we're not just keeping pace with industry standards; we're setting them. But it's not just our expertise and personalized care that set us apart.

We're here to support you every step of the way, making us the ideal partner for your cosmetic journey. Our priority is to accommodate your needs while ensuring you feel confident and informed every step of the way. Botox Prices In New Westminster Don't rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this can cause the Botox to spread to unintended muscles.

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We're also committed to making our treatments accessible. At Manhas Health Co. in Botox and fillers New Westminster, we're bringing beauty back with our bespoke Botox treatments, tailored to transform your skin. We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and finding time for cosmetic treatments can sometimes be challenging.

Then, we'll walk you through how Botox can address your concerns, what you can expect during and after the treatment, and any potential side effects.

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It's not just about aesthetics; it's about feeling confident and vibrant in your own skin. Let's embark on this beautiful journey together, where every step forward is a step towards feeling and looking your absolute best.

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That's why we offer customized treatment plans tailored specifically to your goals and concerns. Botox Cosmetic Procedures For those struggling with bruxism or TMJ disorders, our Botox injections can provide relief by relaxing the jaw muscles, reducing pain and preventing teeth grinding. And we're always here to answer any questions, providing a level of care and support that's hard to find elsewhere. The results were beyond my expectations, and the fine lines around my eyes are almost unnoticeable now.'

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It's feedback like this that reminds us of the powerful impact our work can have on individuals' lives.

At its core, Botox works by blocking nerve signals to the muscles, effectively preventing them from contracting and forming wrinkles. As the hands of time relentlessly march forward, we've found a way to gently coax the clock to pause, if only for a moment. We're committed to ongoing education and training, ensuring we're always up-to-date with the latest techniques and advancements in the field.

It's this combination of cutting-edge expertise and personalized care that sets us apart. That's why we're thrilled to offer a solution that not only delivers remarkable results but also respects our clients' time. The procedure was quick, and the results were incredible.' Emily's experience highlights our commitment to providing a safe, welcoming environment for our clients.

Our team of experts isn't only highly trained in the latest Botox techniques but also deeply committed to your safety and satisfaction. We're here to guide you through the simple process of booking your appointment, ensuring a seamless journey towards achieving your cosmetic goals. Understanding the benefits of Botox treatments lays the groundwork for exploring how we tailor these strategies to meet individual needs and preferences.

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This diversity ensures that everyone can find a story they relate to, making the decision to proceed with Botox treatments a bit easier. We're here to guide you through the aftercare process and answer any questions, ensuring you're delighted with your rejuvenated skin. This helps prevent spreading the Botox to unintended muscles. Choose us, and let's embark on this journey towards achieving your ideal aesthetic together.

It's been a game-changer for my self-esteem.”

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It's feedback like this that drives us to continue offering expert cosmetic solutions tailored to each individual's needs. That's why we don't just offer a one-size-fits-all approach. We'll discuss all costs and payment options with you in detail, ensuring there are no surprises.

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Moreover, we pride in our transparent communication. We've thoroughly researched and can assure you that when administered by qualified professionals, Botox is both safe and effective. It's about enhancing quality of life in various ways. Botox For Lines Around The Mouth

We understand that each individual's aesthetic goals are different, which is why we don't take a one-size-fits-all approach. We know that everyone's skin tells a different story. Botox For Underarm Sweating Lastly, we don't overlook the lines around the mouth and the chin.

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Our approach is holistic; we don't just look at the area you want to enhance, we consider your overall well-being. We're excited to offer Cosmetic Botox because it's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that can make a significant difference in how people perceive themselves.

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Just select the service you're interested in, choose a time that fits your schedule, and you're all set. However, the true essence of our approach and the breadth of services available is something best appreciated firsthand. We ensure everyone's safety and satisfaction by using only FDA-approved Botox and having our treatments performed by highly trained professionals.

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Our clients' happiness is our top priority, and we're thrilled to see such positive feedback. We're proud to offer services that not only meet but exceed our clients' expectations, providing results that truly make a difference in their lives. Our team is committed to offering personalized care that aligns with your beauty goals.

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Our team is committed to providing personalized care that aligns with your unique desires and health objectives.

After your treatment, we'll provide detailed aftercare instructions to help you achieve the best results while minimizing any potential side effects. Trust us to provide you with a Botox treatment that not only meets but exceeds your expectations, highlighting your natural beauty in the best possible light. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to your well-being, starting with a comprehensive consultation to assess your suitability for Botox. Additionally, Botox treatments are quick and have minimal downtime, making them a convenient option for busy individuals.

These stories aren't just about the aesthetic improvements; they're about the newfound confidence and joy our clients experience. We're here to listen and provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision. Botox For Sweat Glands Whether you're looking to smooth out fine lines, reduce wrinkles, or simply seeking a fresher, more youthful appearance, our team of experts is here to guide you every step of the way. But the journey towards a more youthful appearance doesn't stop there.

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This effect is temporary, lasting about 3 to 6 months, depending on various factors such as the area treated, the individual's skin type, and lifestyle. We understand everyone has a busy schedule, so we've made sure to offer appointments throughout the week, including weekends. Botox's versatility shines through in its application across various facial areas, directly targeting the muscles responsible for wrinkles and fine lines. We've made the process as straightforward as possible because we understand you're eager to start your journey towards a more confident you. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to enhancing your beauty with the utmost care and professionalism.
Cosmetic Botox, widely recognized for its ability to smooth wrinkles, is a minimally invasive treatment that's revolutionized facial rejuvenation. Our team takes into account not only the areas you wish to enhance but also your medical history and lifestyle. Our team of professionals is trained in the latest techniques to ensure that each session is tailored to meet individual needs and expectations. Our new services are a testament to our dedication to your satisfaction and well-being.
Whether you're looking to soften the appearance of fine lines, reduce forehead wrinkles, or achieve a more refreshed look, we tailor each treatment to your specific desires and skin type. We can't wait to welcome you and embark on this journey together.s the old saying goes, 'beauty is in the eye of the beholder,' but at Manhas Health Co., we believe that feeling good about oneself starts from within. This ensures that you're receiving the safest and most effective treatment possible. Our specialists are skilled in the precise application of Botox to alleviate migraine symptoms, offering an alternative treatment for those who've found little relief elsewhere.
Stick with us to uncover how our specialized procedures can rejuvenate your skin and boost your confidence, leaving you wondering why you hadn't considered this sooner. By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind. Our clients' satisfaction is our top priority, and we go the extra mile to ensure that every visit is a positive experience. These results last around three to four months, after which you can return for a touch-up.

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Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

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Causes for aging wrinkles

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A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

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Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

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A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

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Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

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A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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