Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance
IV fluids
The Role of Customized IV Cocktails in Personalized Wellness Plans
In Vancouvers bustling cityscape, where the elite constantly chase peak performance, a trend has taken root that's got everyone talking – and it's not your typical health fad. Get more details Same-day mobile IV therapy in Vancouver here. Oh no, it's IV therapy! But this ain't just any old drip; it's a customized cocktail, tailored to fit the unique needs of each individual. Talk about personalization, huh?
Now, why the big fuss over these so-called miracle drips? Well, it seems that in the race to stay on top, time is a luxury that many cant afford. Popping vitamins and waiting for them to kick in? That's not cutting it anymore. Enter IV therapy – its fast, its direct, and it bypasses the gut (which sometimes ain't too efficient at absorbing nutrients, you know).
But hold on, it ain't just about efficiency. These customized IV cocktails are about as close as you can get to a magic potion made just for you. Whether youre lacking in energy, need a boost to your immune system, or are looking to recover from last night's, shall we say, overindulgences, there's a concoction with your name on it. And the elite of Vancouver? Theyre lapping it up.
Sure, skeptics might raise an eyebrow, wondering if this is all just placebo or some new-age gimmick. But the proof is in the pudding (or should we say, in the vein?). Folks who've tried it swear they feel rejuvenated, refreshed, and ready to tackle the world. Its like theyve hit a reset button on their bodies! And when you're playing in the big leagues, every little edge counts.
Yet, despite the buzz, its important to remember that these treatments are not a one-size-fits-all kind of deal. What works for one person might not work for another – and thats where the role of customization is key. Intravenous line A professional assessment of what your body needs is crucial (cause lets face it, were not all biochemists, right?).
At the end of the day, these IV therapies are part of a bigger picture – a personalized wellness plan aimed at keeping Vancouvers elite not just running, but sprinting ahead in their game. And with the promise of better health, improved performance, and maybe even a little bit of that coveted glow, its no wonder the citys high-fliers are saying: "Hook me up!"
How IV Therapy Enhances Athletic Recovery and Performance
In the bustling city of Vancouver, where the mountains meet the sea, elite athletes are always on the lookout for that extra edge - and it seems theyve found it in IV therapy! Now, you might be wondering, whats all the fuss about? Well, let me tell ya, its not just about staying hydrated (though thats a big part of it). Its much more than that.
First off, IV therapy is like a shortcut for nutrients to get right into the bloodstream. When youre training hard, your bodys like a machine thats constantly on the go. It needs fuel, and it needs it fast. Orally taken vitamins and minerals can take a while to break down and be absorbed - and sometimes they dont get fully absorbed at all. But with IV therapy? Bam! Those nutrients hit your system pronto, without any of that pesky wait time.
And its not just about quick fixes either. Recovery is a huge deal when youre pushing your body to the limits. Athletes are prone to inflammation and muscle soreness, which can really throw a wrench in their training schedules. IV therapy can contain anti-inflammatory ingredients and antioxidants that help soothe those aching muscles. Its like having a personal pit stop where you can refuel and repair before hitting the track again.
But heres the kicker - its not just about the physical boost. Hydration and nutrient balance can seriously affect your mood and mental clarity. Intravenous route When youre dehydrated or nutrient-deficient, your brain just doesnt function at its best. IV bag And lets face it, in competitive sports, its as much a head game as a body game. IV therapy helps make sure youre not just physically prepped, but also mentally sharp. You know, ready to tackle whatever the competition throws your way!
Now, some folks might say, "Just eat right and drink plenty of water, and youll be fine."
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous line
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And sure, thats important, but with intense training, sometimes you need more.
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - IV line
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IV therapies An athletes body can be like a sponge thats already full - it cant always take in more nutrients just from food and drinks alone. Thats where IV therapy swoops in to save the day.
So why do Vancouvers elite swear by it? Its simple, really. Theyre seeing real results. Faster recovery times, better performance, and an overall feeling of being on top of their game. Its not a miracle cure, but its a tool - one that, when used correctly, can help these athletes stay one step ahead.
Of course, its crucial to remember that IV therapy should be done responsibly and under medical supervision. Its not a one-size-fits-all solution and it certainly isnt a substitute for solid training and a healthy lifestyle. But for those looking to maximize their potential, its definitely worth considering.
And there you have it! IV therapy isnt just a fad; its a strategic choice for many of Vancouvers top athletes. With its ability to enhance recovery and performance, its no wonder theyre all in on this trend! Just remember, always balance the benefits with the risks and keep everything in moderation (that goes for you too, weekend warriors!).
The Psychological Edge: Stress Reduction and Mental Clarity Benefits
In the bustling city of Vancouver, where the pace is relentless and the pressure to perform is high, its no wonder the elite are turning to IV therapy to maintain their edge. Ah, the psychological benefits!
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous injections
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Theyre not just hype, no sir.
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous injections
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Stress reduction and mental clarity? Intravenous injections You bet theyre on top of that list.
Now, lets get this straight: IV therapy aint your average wellness fad. Its a science-backed method that delivers nutrients directly into the bloodstream. And when youre talking about stress, we all know how it can wreak havoc on the mind and body, right? IV line So imagine getting a cocktail of vitamins and minerals that can help you relax and focus.
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous administration
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Thats some powerful stuff!
But heres the kicker. Some folks might say, "Cant you just eat a salad or something?"
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous administration
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Sure, you could (and should), but the absorption aint the same. With IV therapy, youre bypassing the digestive system and getting those goodies straight where they need to go. Its like a fast-pass to wellbeing-no queues, no waiting!
And we cant forget about mental clarity. In a world where your brains constantly bombarded with information (and distractions), staying sharp is a real challenge. IV therapys got components that can help clear the fog, so to speak. Its like, one minute youre all over the place, and the next, youre laser-focused on the task at hand. Who wouldnt want that?
Of course, its not all sunshine and rainbows. Some might argue that IV therapys just a quick fix, a band-aid solution. But hey, when youre in the thick of it, sometimes you need that immediate relief. Plus, its not like the elite are just sitting back after their IV drip; theyre pairing it with healthy lifestyles and other wellness practices. The Drip Its just one piece of the puzzle, you know?
So, why do Vancouvers elite swear by it for peak performance? Its simple: theyve got a lot on their plates (and Im not just talking about their organic, locally-sourced meals). Stress is a monster theyve gotta tame, and mental fog is their kryptonite. Intravenous drip IV therapy helps them face these head-on, so they can keep doing their thing at the top of their game.
And lets be real, who wouldnt want a piece of that action? The psychological edge it provides is a no-brainer (pun intended!). So, next time youre feeling overwhelmed or scatterbrained, maybe think about what those high-achievers are doing. Blown vein IV therapy could be your ticket to stress-free, clear-minded days. Just dont forget to consult with a healthcare professional first – safety first, folks!
Safety and Efficacy: Understanding the Medical Oversight in Elite IV Therapy Programs
Oh, the buzz around IV therapy in Vancouvers elite circles is quite something to chat about, isnt it? Now, lets dive into the nitty-gritty of safety and efficacy, cause thats what really matters at the end of the day, (or should I say, the end of the drip?).
First off, these high-flyers aint just jumping on any bandwagon without a thought. Saline drips Nope, they're looking for that edge, but not at the cost of their health. And thats where medical oversight swoops in, all caped and ready to save the day! Its the cornerstone, ensuring that each person gets a customized cocktail (minus the alcohol, of course) thats just right for their body.
Why Vancouvers Elite Swear by IV Therapy for Peak Performance - Intravenous lines
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So, whats the deal with safety? Its a biggie. You cant have folks waltzing in, hooking up to IVs willy-nilly. Thats a recipe for disaster! Theres a reason why these programs have medical professionals calling the shots.
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Theyre checking out everyones medical history, current health status, and even their goals. Its not like popping a vitamin pill; its way more serious than that!
And efficacy, you ask? Well, its not just about feeling fancy with a needle in your arm. These therapies are tailored to pack a punch – aiming to boost energy, enhance recovery, and maybe even give that immune system a leg-up. But its not a magic potion! The science has to back it up, and thats why these elite programs are all about the evidence, keeping up with the latest research to make sure they're not just pumping out expensive placebos.
Now, lets not forget the occasional oopsie-daisy! Even with the best of intentions, things can go a little sideways (human error, am I right?). But thats exactly why these programs have protocols tighter than a drum. Theyre prepared for the what-ifs, with trained staff ready to handle any curveballs.
And look, I get it, the idea of getting a bespoke vitamin drip to conquer the day sounds pretty alluring. But its not for everyone, and its definitely not a substitute for good ol fashioned healthy living. IV tube Its an addition, not a replacement, folks!
So, there you have it! Vancouvers elite are swearing by IV therapy for peak performance, but theyre not throwing caution to the wind. Theyve got safety and efficacy on their side, making sure they're not just following a trend, but actually leading the charge towards a healthier, more vibrant self. And isnt that something to raise a glass (of water, stay hydrated!) to? Cheers to that!
Indigenous settlement of Vancouver began more than 10,000 years ago and included the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard) peoples. The beginnings of the modern city, which was originally named Gastown, grew around the site of a makeshift tavern on the western edges of Hastings Mill that was built on July 1, 1867, and owned by proprietor Gassy Jack. The Gastown steam clock marks the original site. Gastown then formally registered as a townsite dubbed Granville, Burrard Inlet. The city was renamed "Vancouver" in 1886 through a deal with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended to the city by 1887. The city's large natural seaport on the Pacific Ocean became a vital link in the trade between Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe, and Eastern Canada.
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth. It may also be used to administer medications or other medical therapy such as blood products or electrolytes to correct electrolyte imbalances. Attempts at providing intravenous therapy have been recorded as early as the 1400s, but the practice did not become widespread until the 1900s after the development of techniques for safe, effective use.
The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body as they are introduced directly into the circulatory system and thus quickly distributed. For this reason, the intravenous route of administration is also used for the consumption of some recreational drugs. Many therapies are administered as a "bolus" or one-time dose, but they may also be administered as an extended infusion or drip. The act of administering a therapy intravenously, or placing an intravenous line ("IV line") for later use, is a procedure which should only be performed by a skilled professional. The most basic intravenous access consists of a needle piercing the skin and entering a vein which is connected to a syringe or to external tubing. This is used to administer the desired therapy. In cases where a patient is likely to receive many such interventions in a short period (with consequent risk of trauma to the vein), normal practice is to insert a cannula which leaves one end in the vein, and subsequent therapies can be administered easily through tubing at the other end. In some cases, multiple medications or therapies are administered through the same IV line.
IV lines are classified as "central lines" if they end in a large vein close to the heart, or as "peripheral lines" if their output is to a small vein in the periphery, such as the arm. An IV line can be threaded through a peripheral vein to end near the heart, which is termed a "peripherally inserted central catheter" or PICC line. If a person is likely to need long-term intravenous therapy, a medical port may be implanted to enable easier repeated access to the vein without having to pierce the vein repeatedly. A catheter can also be inserted into a central vein through the chest, which is known as a tunneled line. The specific type of catheter used and site of insertion are affected by the desired substance to be administered and the health of the veins in the desired site of insertion.
Placement of an IV line may cause pain, as it necessarily involves piercing the skin. Infections and inflammation (termed phlebitis) are also both common side effects of an IV line. Phlebitis may be more likely if the same vein is used repeatedly for intravenous access, and can eventually develop into a hard cord which is unsuitable for IV access. The unintentional administration of a therapy outside a vein, termed extravasation or infiltration, may cause other side effects.
Left: A person receiving fluids through an intravenous line in the wrist. Right: IV bags on a pole connected to IV lines.
Intravenous (IV) access is used to administer medications and fluid replacement which must be distributed throughout the body, especially when rapid distribution is desired. Another use of IV administration is the avoidance of first-pass metabolism in the liver. Substances that may be infused intravenously include volume expanders, blood-based products, blood substitutes, medications and nutrition.
Fluids may be administered as part of "volume expansion", or fluid replacement, through the intravenous route. Volume expansion consists of the administration of fluid-based solutions or suspensions designed to target specific areas of the body which need more water. There are two main types of volume expander: crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin. Blood itself is considered a colloid.[1]
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is isotonic with blood. Lactated Ringer's (also known as Ringer's lactate) and the closely related Ringer's acetate, are mildly hypotonic solutions often used in those who have significant burns. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, while, on the other hand, this parameter is decreased by crystalloids due to hemodilution.[2] Crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids.[2]
Buffer solutions which are used to correct acidosis or alkalosis are also administered through intravenous access. Lactated Ringer's solution used as a fluid expander or base solution to which medications are added also has some buffering effect. Another solution administered intravenously as a buffering solution is sodium bicarbonate.[3]
Saline and 5% dextrose solution (left), levofloxacin 750mg (right), and log sheet hanging from an IV pole
Medications may be mixed into the fluids mentioned above, commonly normal saline, or dextrose solutions.[4] Compared with other routes of administration, such as oral medications, the IV route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body.[5] For this reason, the IV route is commonly preferred in emergency situations or when a fast onset of action is desirable. In extremely high blood pressure (termed a hypertensive emergency), IV antihypertensives may be given to quickly decrease the blood pressure in a controlled manner to prevent organ damage.[6] In atrial fibrillation, IV amiodarone may be administered to attempt to restore normal heart rhythm.[7] IV medications can also be used for chronic health conditions such as cancer, for which chemotherapy drugs are commonly administered intravenously. In some cases, such as with vancomycin, a loading or bolus dose of medicine is given before beginning a dosing regimen to more quickly increase the concentration of medication in the blood.[8]
The bioavailability of an IV medication is by definition 100%, unlike oral administration where medication may not be fully absorbed, or may be metabolized prior to entering the bloodstream.[4] For some medications, there is virtually zero oral bioavailability. For this reason certain types of medications can only be given intravenously, as there is insufficient uptake by other routes of administration,[9] such is the case of severe dehydration where the patient is required to be treated via IV therapy for a quick recovery.[10] The unpredictability of oral bioavailability in different people is also a reason for a medication to be administered IV, as with furosemide.[11] Oral medications also may be less desirable if a person is nauseous or vomiting, or has severe diarrhea, as these may prevent the medicine from being fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In these cases, a medication may be given IV only until the patient can tolerate an oral form of the medication. The switch from IV to oral administration is usually performed as soon as viable, as there is generally cost and time savings over IV administration. Whether a medication can be potentially switched to an oral form is sometimes considered when choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy for use in a hospital setting, as a person is unlikely to be discharged if they still require IV therapy.[12]
Some medications, such as aprepitant, are chemically modified to be better suited for IV administration, forming a prodrug such as fosaprepitant. This can be for pharmacokinetic reasons or to delay the effect of the drug until it can be metabolized into the active form.[13]
This patient of an intensive care unit of a German hospital could not eat due to a prior surgical operation of the abdominal region which was complicated by a severe sepsis. He received antibiotics, parenteral nutrition and pain killers via automated injection employing syringe drivers (background, right).
Parenteral nutrition is the act of providing required nutrients to a person through an intravenous line. This is used in people who are unable to get nutrients normally, by eating and digesting food. A person receiving parenteral nutrition will be given an intravenous solution which may contain salts, dextrose, amino acids, lipids and vitamins. The exact formulation of a parenteral nutrition used will depend on the specific nutritional needs of the person it is being given to. If a person is only receiving nutrition intravenously, it is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN), whereas if a person is only receiving some of their nutrition intravenously it is called partial parenteral nutrition (or supplemental parenteral nutrition).[16]
Medical imaging relies on being able to clearly distinguish internal parts of the body from each other. One way this is accomplished is through the administration of a contrast agent into a vein.[17] The specific imaging technique being employed will determine the characteristics of an appropriate contrast agent to increase visibility of blood vessels or other features. Common contrast agents are administered into a peripheral vein from which they are distributed throughout the circulation to the imaging site.[18]
IV rehydration was formerly a common technique for athletes.[19] The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits intravenous injection of more than 100 mL per 12 hours, except under a medical exemption.[19] The United States Anti-Doping Agency notes that, as well as the dangers inherent in IV therapy, "IVs can be used to change blood test results (such as hematocrit where EPO or blood doping is being used), mask urine test results (by dilution) or by administering prohibited substances in a way that will more quickly be cleared from the body in order to beat an anti-doping test".[19] Players suspended after attending "boutique IV clinics" which offer this sort of treatment include footballer Samir Nasri in 2017[20] and swimmer Ryan Lochte in 2018.[21]
In the 1960s, John Myers developed the "Myers' cocktail", a non-prescription IV solution of vitamins and minerals marketed as a hangover cure and general wellness remedy.[22] The first "boutique IV" clinic, offering similar treatments, opened in Tokyo in 2008.[22] These clinics, whose target market was described by Elle as "health nuts who moonlight as heavy drinkers", have been publicized in the 2010s by glamorous celebrity customers.[22] Intravenous therapy is also used in people with acute ethanol toxicity to correct electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies which arise from alcohol consumption.[23]
In some countries, non-prescription intravenous glucose is used to improve a person's energy, but is not a part of routine medical care in countries such as the United States where glucose solutions are prescription drugs.[24] Improperly administered intravenous glucose (called "ringer" [citation needed]), such as that which is administered clandestinely in store-front clinics, poses increased risks due to improper technique and oversight.[24] Intravenous access is also sometimes used outside of a medical setting for the self-administration of recreational drugs, such as heroin and fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, DMT, and others.[25]
Intravenous therapy is also used for veterinary patient management.[26]
Some medications can be administered as a bolus dose, which is called an "IV push". A syringe containing the medication is connected to an access port in the primary tubing and the medication is administered through the port.[27] A bolus may be administered rapidly (with a fast depression of the syringe plunger) or may be administered slowly, over the course of a few minutes.[27] The exact administration technique depends on the medication and other factors.[27] In some cases, a bolus of plain IV solution (i.e. without medication added) is administered immediately after the bolus to further force the medicine into the bloodstream. This procedure is termed an "IV flush". Certain medications, such as potassium, are not able to be administered by IV push due to the extremely rapid onset of action and high level of effects.[27]
An infusion of medication may be used when it is desirable to have a constant blood concentration of a medication over time, such as with some antibiotics including beta-lactams.[28] Continuous infusions, where the next infusion is begun immediately following the completion of the prior, may also be used to limit variation in drug concentration in the blood (i.e. between the peak drug levels and the trough drug levels).[28] They may also be used instead of intermittent bolus injections for the same reason, such as with furosemide.[29] Infusions can also be intermittent, in which case the medication is administered over a period of time, then stopped, and this is later repeated. Intermittent infusion may be used when there are concerns about the stability of medicine in solution for long periods of time (as is common with continuous infusions), or to enable the administration of medicines which would be incompatible if administered at the same time in the same IV line, for example vancomycin.[30]
Failure to properly calculate and administer an infusion can result in adverse effects, termed infusion reactions. For this reason, many medications have a maximum recommended infusion rate, such as vancomycin[30] and many monoclonal antibodies.[31] These infusion reactions can be severe, such as in the case of vancomycin, where the reaction is termed "red man syndrome".[30]
Any additional medication to be administered intravenously at the same time as an infusion may be connected to the primary tubing; this is termed a secondary IV, or IV piggyback.[27] This prevents the need for multiple IV access lines on the same person. When administering a secondary IV medication, the primary bag is held lower than the secondary bag so that the secondary medication can flow into the primary tubing, rather than fluid from the primary bag flowing into the secondary tubing. The fluid from the primary bag is needed to help flush any remaining medication from the secondary IV from the tubing.[27] If a bolus or secondary infusion is intended for administration in the same line as a primary infusion, the molecular compatibility of the solutions must be considered.[27] Secondary compatibility is generally referred to as "y-site compatibility", named after the shape of the tubing which has a port for bolus administration.[27] Incompatibility of two fluids or medications can arise due to issues of molecular stability, changes in solubility, or degradation of one of the medications.[27]
IV infusion set (not yet in use)A nurse inserting an 18-gauge IV needle with cannulaA needle for intravenous access should be inserted at an approximately 25-degree angle.
The simplest form of intravenous access is by passing a hollow needle through the skin directly into a vein. A syringe can be connected directly to this needle, which allows for a "bolus" dose to be administered. Alternatively, the needle may be placed and then connected to a length of tubing, allowing for an infusion to be administered.[32]: 344–348 The type and location of venous access (i.e. a central line versus peripheral line, and in which vein the line is placed) can be affected by the potential for some medications to cause peripheral vasoconstriction, which limits circulation to peripheral veins.[33]
A peripheral cannula is the most common intravenous access method utilized in hospitals, pre-hospital care, and outpatient medicine. This may be placed in the arm, commonly either the wrist or the median cubital vein at the elbow. A tourniquet may be used to restrict the venous drainage of the limb and make the vein bulge, making it easier to locate and place a line in a vein. When used, a tourniquet should be removed before injecting medication to prevent extravasation. The part of the catheter that remains outside the skin is called the connecting hub; it can be connected to a syringe or an intravenous infusion line, or capped with a
heplock or saline lock, a needleless connection filled with a small amount of heparin or saline solution to prevent clotting, between uses of the catheter. Ported cannulae have an injection port on the top that is often used to administer medicine.[32]: 349–354
The thickness and size of needles and catheters can be given in Birmingham gauge or French gauge. A Birmingham gauge of 14 is a very large cannula (used in resuscitation settings) and 24-26 is the smallest. The most common sizes are 16-gauge (midsize line used for blood donation and transfusion), 18- and 20-gauge (all-purpose line for infusions and blood draws), and 22-gauge (all-purpose pediatric line). 12- and 14-gauge peripheral lines are capable of delivering large volumes of fluid very fast, accounting for their popularity in emergency medicine. These lines are frequently called "large bores" or "trauma lines".[32]: 188–191, 349
A peripheral intravenous line is inserted in peripheral veins, such as the veins in the arms, hands, legs and feet. Medication administered in this way travels through the veins to the heart, from where it is distributed to the rest of the body through the circulatory system. The size of the peripheral vein limits the amount and rate of medication which can be administered safely.[35] A peripheral line consists of a short catheter inserted through the skin into a peripheral vein. This is usually in the form of a cannula-over-needle device, in which a flexible plastic cannula comes mounted over a metal trocar. Once the tip of the needle and cannula are placed, the cannula is advanced inside the vein over the trocar to the appropriate position and secured. The trocar is then withdrawn and discarded. Blood samples may also be drawn from the line directly after the initial IV cannula insertion.[32]: 344–348
Illustration of a non-tunneled central venous access deviceThe central line kit (out of its packaging)
A central line is an access method in which a catheter empties into a larger, more central vein (a vein within the torso), usually the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava or the right atrium of the heart. There are several types of central IV access, categorized based on the route the catheter takes from the outside of the body to the central vein output.[36]: 17–22
A peripherally inserted central catheter (also called a PICC line) is a type of central IV access which consists of a cannula inserted through a sheath into a peripheral vein and then carefully fed towards the heart, terminating at the superior vena cava or the right atrium. These lines are usually placed in peripheral veins in the arm, and may be placed using the Seldinger technique under ultrasound guidance. An X-ray is used to verify that the end of the cannula is in the right place if fluoroscopy was not used during the insertion. An EKG can also be used in some cases to determine if the end of the cannula is in the correct location.[37]: Ch.1, 5, 6
A Hickman line, a type of tunneled catheter, inserted through the skin at the chest and tunneled to insert into the jugular vein in the throat.
A tunneled line is a type of central access which is inserted under the skin, and then travels a significant distance through surrounding tissue before reaching and penetrating the central vein. Using a tunneled line reduces the risk of infection as compared to other forms of access, as bacteria from the skin surface are not able to travel directly into the vein.[38] These catheters are often made of materials that resist infection and clotting. Types of tunneled central lines include the Hickman line or Broviac catheter. A tunnelled line is an option for long term venous access necessary for hemodialysis in people with poor kidney function. [39]
An implanted port is a central line that does not have an external connector protruding from the skin for administration of medication. Instead, a port consists of a small reservoir covered with silicone rubber which is implanted under the skin, which then covers the reservoir. Medication is administered by injecting medication through the skin and the silicone port cover into the reservoir. When the needle is withdrawn, the reservoir cover reseals itself. A port cover is designed to function for hundreds of needle sticks during its lifetime. Ports may be placed in an arm or in the chest area.[40]
Equipment used to place and administer an IV line for infusion consists of a bag, usually hanging above the height of the person, and sterile tubing through which the medicine is administered. In a basic "gravity" IV, a bag is simply hung above the height of the person and the solution is pulled via gravity through a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein. Without extra equipment, it is not possible to precisely control the rate of administration. For this reason, a setup may also incorporate a clamp to regulate flow. Some IV lines may be placed with "Y-sites", devices which enable a secondary solution to be administered through the same line (known as piggybacking). Some systems employ a drip chamber, which prevents air from entering the bloodstream (causing an air embolism), and allows visual estimation of flow rate of the solution.[32]: 316–321, 344–348
Alternatively, an infusion pump allows precise control over the flow rate and total amount delivered. A pump is programmed based on the number and size of infusions being administered to ensure all medicine is fully administered without allowing the access line to run dry. Pumps are primarily utilized when a constant flow rate is important, or where changes in rate of administration would have consequences.[32]: 316–321, 344–348
To reduce pain associated with the procedure, medical staff may apply a topical local anaesthetic (such as EMLA or Ametop) to the skin of the chosen venipuncture area about 45 minutes beforehand.[32]: 344–348
If the cannula is not inserted correctly, or the vein is particularly fragile and ruptures, blood may extravasate into the surrounding tissues; this situation is known as a blown vein or "tissuing". Using this cannula to administer medications causes extravasation of the drug, which can lead to edema, causing pain and tissue damage, and even necrosis depending on the medication. The person attempting to obtain the access must find a new access site proximal to the "blown" area to prevent extravasation of medications through the damaged vein. For this reason it is advisable to site the first cannula at the most distal appropriate vein.[32]: 355–359
Placement of an intravenous line inherently causes pain when the skin is broken and is considered medically invasive. For this reason, when other forms of administration may suffice, intravenous therapy is usually not preferred. This includes the treatment of mild or moderate dehydration with oral rehydration therapy which is an option, as opposed to parenteral rehydration through an IV line.[41][42] Children in emergency departments being treated for dehydration have better outcomes with oral treatment than intravenous therapy due to the pain and complications of an intravenous line.[41]Cold spray may decrease the pain of putting in an IV.[43]
Certain medications also have specific sensations of pain associated with their administration IV. This includes potassium, which when administered IV can cause a burning or painful sensation.[44] The incidence of side effects specific to a medication can be affected by the type of access (peripheral versus central), the rate of administration, or the quantity of drug administered. When medications are administered too rapidly through an IV line, a set of vague symptoms such as redness or rash, fever, and others may occur; this is termed an "infusion reaction" and is prevented by decreasing the rate of administration of the medication. When vancomycin is involved, this is commonly termed "Red Man syndrome" after the rapid flushing which occurs after rapid administration.[45]
As placement of an intravenous line requires breaking the skin, there is a risk of infection. Skin-dwelling organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococcus or Candida albicans may enter through the insertion site around the catheter, or bacteria may be accidentally introduced inside the catheter from contaminated equipment. Infection of an IV access site is usually local, causing easily visible swelling, redness, and fever. However, pathogens may also enter the bloodstream, causing sepsis, which can be sudden and life-threatening. A central IV line poses a higher risk of sepsis, as it can deliver bacteria directly into the central circulation. A line which has been in place for a longer period of time also increases the risk of infection.[32]: 358, 373
Inflammation of the vein may also occur, called thrombophlebitis or simply phlebitis. This may be caused by infection, the catheter itself, or the specific fluids or medication being given. Repeated instances of phlebitis can cause scar tissue to build up along a vein. A peripheral IV line cannot be left in the vein indefinitely out of concern for the risk of infection and phlebitis, among other potential complications. However, recent studies have found that there is no increased risk of complications in those whose IVs were replaced only when clinically indicated versus those whose IVs were replaced routinely.[46] If placed with proper aseptic technique, it is not recommended to change a peripheral IV line more frequently than every 72–96 hours.[47]
Phlebitis is particularly common in intravenous drug users,[48] and those undergoing chemotherapy,[49] whose veins can become sclerotic and difficult to access over time, sometimes forming a hard, painful "venous cord". The presence of a cord is a cause of discomfort and pain associated with IV therapy, and makes it more difficult for an IV line to be placed as a line cannot be placed in an area with a cord.[50]
Infiltration occurs when a non-vesicant IV fluid or medication enters the surrounding tissue as opposed to the desired vein. It may occur when the vein itself ruptures, when the vein is damaged during insertion of the intravascular access device, or from increased vein porosity. Infiltration may also occur if the puncture of the vein by the needle becomes the path of least resistance—such as a cannula which has been left inserted, causing the vein to scar. It can also occur upon insertion of an IV line if a tourniquet is not promptly removed. Infiltration is characterized by coolness and pallor to the skin as well as localized swelling or edema. It is treated by removing the intravenous line and elevating the affected limb so the collected fluids drain away. Injections of hyaluronidase around the area can be used to speed the dispersal of the fluid/drug.[51] Infiltration is one of the most common adverse effects of IV therapy[52] and is usually not serious unless the infiltrated fluid is a medication damaging to the surrounding tissue, most commonly a vesicant or chemotherapeutic agent. In such cases, the infiltration is termed extravasation, and may cause necrosis.[53]
If the solutions administered are colder than the temperature of the body, induced hypothermia can occur. If the temperature change to the heart is rapid, ventricular fibrillation may result.[54] Furthermore, if a solution which is not balanced in concentration is administered, a person's electrolytes may become imbalanced. In hospitals, regular blood tests may be used to proactively monitor electrolyte levels.[55]
The first recorded attempt at administering a therapeutic substance via IV injection was in 1492, when Pope Innocent VIII fell ill and was administered blood from healthy individuals.[56] If this occurred, the treatment did not work and resulted in the death of the donors while not healing the pope.[56] This story is disputed by some, who claim that the idea of blood transfusions could not have been considered by the medical professionals at the time, or that a complete description of blood circulation was not published until over 100 years later. The story is attributed to potential errors in translation of documents from the time, as well as potentially an intentional fabrication, whereas others still consider it to be accurate.[57] One of the leading medical history textbooks for medical and nursing students has claimed that the entire story was an anti-semitic fabrication.[58]
In 1656 Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle worked on the subject. As stated by Wren, "I Have Injected Wine and Ale in a liveing Dog into the Mass of Blood by a Veine, in good Quantities, till I have made him extremely drunk, but soon after he Pisseth it out." The dog survived, grew fat, and was later stolen from his owner. Boyle attributed authorship to Wren.[59]
Richard Lower showed it was possible for blood to be transfused from animal to animal and from animal to man intravenously, a xenotransfusion. He worked with Edmund King to transfuse sheep's blood into a man who was mentally ill. Lower was interested in advancing science but also believed the man could be helped, either by the infusion of fresh blood or by the removal of old blood. It was difficult to find people who would agree to be transfused, but an eccentric scholar, Arthur Coga, consented and the procedure was carried out by Lower and King before the Royal Society on 23 November 1667.[60] Transfusion gathered some popularity in France and Italy, but medical and theological debates arose, resulting in transfusion being prohibited in France.
There was virtually no recorded success with any attempts at injection therapy until the 1800s, when in 1831 Thomas Latta studied the use of IV fluid replacements for cholera treatment.[56][61] The first solutions which saw widespread use for IV injections were simple "saline-like solutions", which were followed by experiments with various other liquids, including milk, sugar, honey, and egg yolk.[56] In the 1830s, James Blundell, an English obstetrician, used intravenous administration of blood to treat women bleeding profusely during or after delivery.[56] This predated the understanding of blood type, leading to unpredictable results.
Intravenous therapy was expanded by Italian physician Guido Baccelli in the late 1890s[62] and further developed in the 1930s by Samuel Hirschfeld, Harold T. Hyman and Justine Johnstone Wanger[63][64] but was not widely available until the 1950s.[65] There was a time, roughly the 1910s–1920s, when fluid replacement that today would be done intravenously was likelier to be done with a Murphy drip, a rectal infusion; and IV therapy took years to increasingly displace that route. In the 1960s, the concept of providing a person's complete nutritional needs through an IV solution began to be seriously considered. The first parenteral nutrition supplementation consisted of hydrolyzed proteins and dextrose.[56] This was followed in 1975 with the introduction of intravenous fat emulsions and vitamins which were added to form "total parenteral nutrition", or that which includes protein, fat, and carbohydrates.[56]
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^Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S, Supiano MA, Ritchie C (23 December 2016). "Chapter 35". In Edmonson KG, Davis KJ (eds.). Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology (Seventh ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN978-0-07-183345-5.
^Runge VM, Ai T, Hao D, Hu X (December 2011). "The developmental history of the gadolinium chelates as intravenous contrast media for magnetic resonance". Investigative Radiology. 46 (12): 807–16. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e318237913b. PMID22094366. S2CID8425664.
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^ abJiha Ham (March 20, 2015). "A Life Upended After an IV Glucose Treatment Popular Among Asian Immigrants". The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2015. Although many doctors warn Asian immigrants in New York that the effects of injecting glucose differ little from drinking sugary water, many Asians, especially of older generations, still use the intravenous solution. In their homelands, it is commonly prescribed by doctors as a method to cure colds, fevers and sometimes an upset stomach.
^ abcdefghiKanji S, Lam J, Johanson C, Singh A, Goddard R, Fairbairn J, Lloyd T, Monsour D, Kakal J (September 2010). "Systematic review of physical and chemical compatibility of commonly used medications administered by continuous infusion in intensive care units". Critical Care Medicine. 38 (9): 1890–1898. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e8adcc. PMID20562698. S2CID205539703.
^ abDhaese S, Heffernan A, Liu D, Abdul-Aziz MH, Stove V, Tam VH, Lipman J, Roberts JA, De Waele JJ (25 July 2020). "Prolonged Versus Intermittent Infusion of β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Bacterial Killing in Preclinical Infection Models". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 59 (10): 1237–1250. doi:10.1007/s40262-020-00919-6. PMID32710435. S2CID220732187.
^Chan JS, Kot TK, Ng M, Harky A (November 2019). "Continuous Infusion Versus Intermittent Boluses of Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Cardiac Failure. 26 (9): 786–793. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.11.013. PMID31730917. S2CID208063606.
^ abcElbarbry F (June 2018). "Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring: Critical Evaluation of the Current Practice". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 43 (3): 259–268. doi:10.1007/s13318-017-0456-4. PMID29260505. S2CID13071392.
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^Marino PL (2014). "2. Central Venous Access". Marino's the ICU book (Fourth ed.). Philadelphia: LWW. ISBN978-1451121186.
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^Roca-Tey R (March 2016). "Permanent Arteriovenous Fistula or Catheter Dialysis for Heart Failure Patients". The Journal of Vascular Access. 17 (1_suppl): S23 –S29. doi:10.5301/jva.5000511. PMID26951899. S2CID44524962.
^Heng SY, Yap RT, Tie J, McGrouther DA (April 2020). "Peripheral Vein Thrombophlebitis in the Upper Extremity: A Systematic Review of a Frequent and Important Problem". The American Journal of Medicine. 133 (4): 473–484.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.08.054. PMID31606488. S2CID204545798.
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^Felts, J. H. (2000). Richard Lower: anatomist and physiologist. Annals of internal medicine, 133(6), 485.
Are There Any Age Restrictions for ReceIVing IV Therapy Through Zipdrip?
Yes, there are age restrictions for receiving IV therapy through Zipdrip. You'll need to check their specific guidelines, as they ensure treatments are safe and appropriate for each age group they serve.
Are There Any Potential Side Effects Associated With Zipdrip's Mobile IV Therapy Services?
Yes, you might experience some side effects from mobile IV therapy services, such as bruising, infection at the injection site, or an allergic reaction. Always ensure a healthcare professional is administering and monitoring the treatment.
Are There Any Loyalty Programs or Discounts Available for Regular Clients of Zipdrip's Mobile IV Therapy Services?
Yes, you can benefit from loyalty programs or discounts as a regular client of the mobile IV therapy services. These incentives are designed to make your wellness journey more affordable and rewarding over time.