Exclusive Victoria Day Tours

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours

Victoria sightseeing with kids

Walking through its lavish rooms, you'll get a glimpse into the lives of the coal barons who once ruled the social scene. Lean more about Victoria Private Sightseeing Tours here. Read more about Exclusive Victoria Day Tours here Learn more about Exclusive Victoria Day Tours here This oasis in the heart of the city isn't just a feast for the eyes but also a sanctuary for the soul. With them at the wheel, you're free to relax, soak in the sights, and truly immerse yourself in the Exclusive Victoria Day Tours experience. Victoria sightseeing with kids But that's not all.
Imagine basking in the warm sun at a beach overlooked by most guidebooks, or enjoying local music and food at a hidden summer festival. Don't forget to bring your camera, as the picturesque landscapes offer perfect backdrops for memorable photos. After payment, you'll receive a confirmation email with all the details of your adventure, including meeting points and what to bring.
They're also introducing a new app that allows you to provide real-time feedback during your tour, ensuring that your experience is as enjoyable and seamless as possible. These are the spots where the true essence of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours comes alive, away from the crowded tourist sites. Picture leather seats that cradle you as you move from one marvel to another, panoramic windows that offer unobstructed views of the breathtaking landscape, and onboard amenities that cater to your every whim.
Whether you're a first-time visitor or a returning explorer, you'll find moving around the city a breeze. It's here you'll sip coffee where the locals do, away from the crowded spots. Whether you're up for a challenging hike to the Pinnacle, offering breathtaking views of the park, or prefer a leisurely walk to MacKenzie Falls, the largest waterfall in Exclusive Victoria Day Tours, there's something here for you.

It's not just about the plush seats or the gourmet meals served onboard; it's the meticulous attention to detail and the personalized experiences that set these tours apart. Comfortable walking shoes are a must as you'll be exploring some of the most picturesque spots on foot. Their tours are designed with you in mind, offering a variety of experiences to suit any interest.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Family-friendly tours in Victoria

  1. Victoria luxury tours
  2. Victoria guided tours
  3. Off-the-beaten-path Victoria tours
  4. Best viewpoints in Victoria
  5. Victoria fall foliage tours
  6. Victoria local tour guides
  7. Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  8. Victoria Chinatown tours
  9. Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  10. North Victoria sightseeing tours
  11. Victoria sightseeing deals
  12. Victoria wine tours
  13. Victoria travel tips
  14. Victoria coastline tours
  15. Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
  16. Victoria day trips
  17. Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours
  18. Victoria eco tours
  19. Victoria sightseeing on a budget
This flexibility is a game-changer for meticulous planners and those with tight schedules. From the opulence of the fleet to the knowledge and professionalism of your personal chauffeur-guide, every detail is meticulously crafted to ensure an unforgettable experience.

Whether you're keen to explore Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's majestic gardens, delve into its historic architecture, or simply soak up the vibrant city atmosphere, Star Sightseeing has a tour that's tailored just for you. Budget-friendly Victoria sightseeing This unique experience is a highlight of Star Sightseeing's guided tour packages, offering you a front-row seat to nature's enchanting performance. Moreover, the flexibility of personalized tours means you can avoid the rush and crowds often associated with popular tourist spots. You're not just a passenger; you're a revered guest, treated to an experience that's meticulously crafted to surpass your expectations.

After exploring Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's hidden gems, it's time to elevate your journey with Star Sightseeing's luxurious travel options. It's all about indulging in the moment, whether that's witnessing the majestic sunset at Dallas Road Waterfront, exploring the lush gardens of Butchart Gardens, or savoring exquisite local cuisine at a hidden gem recommended by your knowledgeable chauffeur. They've got you covered, from toddlers to grandparents, with itineraries that balance fun and relaxation.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria underground tours

  • Sightseeing Victoria
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With Star Sightseeing, you're not just exploring Exclusive Victoria Day Tours; you're uncovering your own path, at your own pace, in a way that perfectly suits you.

You'll wander through historic districts, each telling tales of yesteryears' ambitions and hardships. Victoria ghost tours The team at Star Sightseeing takes care of the rest, ensuring your tour is memorable, personalized, and exactly what you envisioned. Victoria brewery tours It's a promise of splendor and exclusivity, designed just for you. It's a community-driven event that showcases the best of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's creative talents.

Victoria Private Boat Tours

Entity Name Description Source
Queen Victoria Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901, a period known as the Victorian era, marked by significant cultural and political changes. Source
Harbour Air Seaplanes Harbour Air Seaplanes is a Canadian airline providing seaplane services, mostly in British Columbia, offering scenic flights and transportation. Source
Butchart Gardens Butchart Gardens is a group of gardens located in Brentwood Bay, near Victoria, British Columbia, famous for its natural beauty and variety of plants. Source
Downtown Victoria Downtown Victoria is the urban core of Victoria, BC, offering cultural, historical, and commercial attractions in a vibrant coastal city. Source
Gray Line Worldwide Gray Line Worldwide is a global tour operator, offering sightseeing tours in many cities across the world, including bus and walking tours. Source
Chinatown Chinatown in Victoria, BC, is one of the oldest in North America and a cultural hub with historic sites, shops, and restaurants. Source
Victoria Harbour Victoria Harbour is a natural harbour located in the city of Victoria, BC, known for its picturesque waterfront and marine activities. Source
The Empress (hotel) The Empress is a historic luxury hotel located in Victoria, BC, known for its grand architecture and as a significant part of the city’s cultural landscape. Source
Water taxi A water taxi is a small boat used for short-distance transportation on water, commonly used in cities like Victoria for harbor transport. Source
Bus A bus is a large vehicle used for transporting passengers over long distances, commonly used for public transportation in urban areas. Source
Floatplane A floatplane is an aircraft designed to take off and land on water, often used for travel in regions with numerous lakes and rivers, like Victoria, BC. Source
Royal British Columbia Museum The Royal BC Museum in Victoria is a major cultural and natural history museum in British Columbia, known for its exhibitions on BC’s history and environment. Source
Wildlife Wildlife refers to non-domesticated animals and plants, which can be observed in their natural habitat in regions like Victoria, BC. Source
Greater Victoria Greater Victoria is a metropolitan area on Vancouver Island, including several municipalities and offering a mix of urban and natural landscapes. Source
Songhees The Songhees are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast, with historical ties to the Victoria area. Source

Victoria Day Trips and Tours

Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Greater Victoria area has a population of 397,237. The city of Victoria is the seventh most densely populated city in Canada with 4,406 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,410/sq mi).

Citations and other links

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Sightseeing Packages

After exploring what to expect on your tour, let's look at the variety of tour packages Star Sightseeing offers to suit your interests and schedule.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria brewery tours

  1. Victoria sightseeing on a budget
  2. Victoria summer sightseeing
  3. Victoria zipline tours
  4. Victoria festival tours
  5. Unique Victoria tours
  6. Victoria history tours
  7. Victoria harbor tours
  8. Victoria city tours
  9. Victoria fall sightseeing
  10. Victoria senior-friendly sightseeing
  11. Victoria cruise tours
  12. Victoria kayaking tours
  13. Old Town Victoria tours
  14. Victoria botanical garden tours
  15. Victoria fishing tours
  16. Victoria bike tours
  17. Victoria scuba diving tours
  18. Craigdarroch Castle tours
  19. Victoria paddleboarding tours
  20. Family-friendly tours in Victoria
From secret gardens to artisanal shops, you'll encounter the city's unique charm and character, making your tour an unforgettable adventure.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria ghost tours

  1. Victoria history tours
  2. Victoria harbor tours
  3. Victoria city tours
  4. Victoria fall sightseeing
  5. Victoria senior-friendly sightseeing
  6. Victoria cruise tours
  7. Victoria kayaking tours
  8. Old Town Victoria tours
  9. Victoria botanical garden tours
  10. Victoria fishing tours
  11. Victoria bike tours
  12. Victoria scuba diving tours
  13. Craigdarroch Castle tours
  14. Victoria paddleboarding tours
  15. Sightseeing Victoria
As you glide through the streets of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours, your chauffeur, a connoisseur of the city, ensures you don't miss a beat of its rich history and breathtaking landscapes. Have you ever wondered if a sightseeing tour could truly capture the essence of luxury while also being sustainable and culturally immersive?

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria snorkeling tours

  1. Victoria whale watching
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  5. Best viewpoints in Victoria
  6. Victoria fall foliage tours
  7. Victoria local tour guides
  8. Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  9. Victoria Chinatown tours
  10. Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  11. North Victoria sightseeing tours
  12. Victoria sightseeing deals
  13. Victoria wine tours
  14. Victoria travel tips
  15. Victoria coastline tours
  16. Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
  17. Victoria day trips
  18. Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours
  19. Victoria eco tours


Looking to explore a hidden gem off the beaten path? Imagine starting your day with a freshly brewed coffee from a hidden gem café, followed by a hands-on cooking class where you'll learn to prepare Pacific Northwest specialties with a seasoned chef. This exclusive tour promises more than just sights; it offers insights into the heart and soul of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours.

You won't just pass by; you'll delve into the stories behind the majestic Parliament Buildings, feeling the pulse of history beneath your feet. Think of visiting a secluded beach at sunset, a boutique vineyard that produces exquisite wines, or an artists' village where creativity flows as freely as the conversations. Star Sightseeing takes pride in off-the-beaten-path locations, giving you a glimpse into the Exclusive Victoria Day Tours that locals love.

With each step, you're invited to uncover layers of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's vibrant heart, from its lush landscapes to its architectural marvels, all while enjoying the comfort and exclusivity that Star Sightseeing is renowned for. Their curated routes guide you through the cobblestone streets of the historic downtown, where each corner reveals a story spanning back centuries. First, head to their official website where you'll find a comprehensive 'Book Now' section.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Sightseeing Packages
Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Luxury Tours

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Luxury Tours

In addition to safety, your comfort is paramount. From the intricate First Nations art and totem poles that stand as silent sentinels of a proud cultural legacy, to the Exclusive Victoria Day Toursn architecture that whispers tales of a colonial past, you'll find yourself on a journey through time. Victoria helicopter tours Their goal is to ensure you enjoy Exclusive Victoria Day Tours to the fullest, on your terms, making every moment count. Such feedback underscores the tours' ability to cater to both newcomers eager to explore every corner of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours and locals looking to fall in love with their city all over again.

Spring tours highlight the breathtaking bloom of cherry blossoms, with guides pointing out the best spots for that perfect photo.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria waterfront tours

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  8. Victoria luxury tours
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  10. Off-the-beaten-path Victoria tours
  11. Best viewpoints in Victoria
  12. Victoria fall foliage tours
  13. Victoria local tour guides
  14. Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  15. Victoria Chinatown tours
It wasn't just a tour; it was an experience that they claim, 'surpassed every expectation.'Another tale comes from a couple celebrating their anniversary. What sets them apart is their attention to detail.

The tour doesn't stop there; you'll also explore the historic Chinatown, one of the oldest in Canada, where the narrow alleyways and colorful markets offer a glimpse into the area's rich cultural tapestry. It's also wise to factor in travel time between locations. Imagine learning the ancient art of basket weaving from indigenous artists, whose hands weave not just materials but stories and history into each creation.

It's the perfect time to let loose and enjoy the lively atmosphere that takes over the city. Victoria night tours But that's not all. Whether you're gazing at the stars from a secluded viewpoint, wandering through hidden alleyways brimming with street art, or tasting your way through Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's vibrant food scene, Star Sightseeing ensures that every moment of your journey is memorable.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Coastal View Bus Tours

It's your adventure, your way. It's a thrilling way to bond and immerse yourself in the wild heart of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours. Sightseeing Victoria Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's numerous cafes and restaurants offer the perfect opportunity to relax and refuel. Star Sightseeing isn't just another tour company; it's your gateway to experiencing Exclusive Victoria Day Tours like never before.

Don't miss this chance to see Exclusive Victoria Day Tours from a different angle. Delve into the charm of quaint alleyways that tell tales of yesteryears, each brick and cobblestone whispering secrets of the past. Victoria cherry blossom tours Whether you're a nature lover, a gardening enthusiast, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, the Royal Botanic Gardens walk promises an enchanting escape into nature's embrace.

Luxury here is synonymous with exclusivity. At Star Sightseeing Tour Exclusive Victoria Day Tours, we customize each journey to suit your unique preferences, ensuring that every traveler has an experience tailored just for them. Star Sightseeing's expert guides are ready to show you the nocturnal charms of the city, making your visit unforgettable. Family-friendly tours in Victoria

From the majestic Parliament Buildings, with their intricate Gothic Revival details, to the innovative design of the Royal BC Museum, you're in for a visual treat. You'll find yourself whisked away on journeys told with such fervor and detail, it's as if you're right there, experiencing the splendor of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours alongside them. Embark on a journey of unparalleled luxury, where every detail caters to your utmost comfort and pleasure.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Family-friendly tours in Victoria

  1. Victoria summer sightseeing
  2. Victoria zipline tours
  3. Victoria festival tours
  4. Unique Victoria tours
  5. Victoria history tours
  6. Victoria harbor tours
  7. Victoria city tours
  8. Victoria fall sightseeing
  9. Victoria senior-friendly sightseeing
  10. Victoria cruise tours
  11. Victoria kayaking tours
  12. Old Town Victoria tours
  13. Victoria botanical garden tours
  14. Victoria fishing tours
  15. Victoria bike tours
  16. Victoria scuba diving tours
  17. Craigdarroch Castle tours
  18. Victoria paddleboarding tours


Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Coastal View Bus Tours
Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Sightseeing Transportation Services
Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Sightseeing Transportation Services

From the bustling Inner Harbour to the serene Beacon Hill Park, you'll leave with stories and memories, not just photos.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria sightseeing tickets

  1. Victoria luxury tours
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  9. Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
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  11. Victoria sightseeing deals
  12. Victoria wine tours
  13. Victoria travel tips
  14. Victoria coastline tours
  15. Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
With Star Sightseeing, you're not just a passenger; you're the architect of your adventure. It's your time to explore, indulge, and create unforgettable memories, all facilitated by a hassle-free booking experience. These aren't just guides; they're custodians of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's history and folklore.

But it's not all about looking back. It's not just a tour; it's a journey that connects you deeply with the spirit of the land and its ancestors. These guides aren't just leading you from one landmark to another; they're sharing personal anecdotes, historical insights, and local lore that you can't find in guidebooks.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Budget-friendly Victoria sightseeing

  • Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  • Victoria Chinatown tours
  • Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  • North Victoria sightseeing tours
  • Victoria sightseeing deals
  • Victoria wine tours
  • Victoria travel tips
  • Victoria coastline tours
  • Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
  • Victoria day trips
  • Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours
  • Victoria eco tours
  • Victoria sightseeing on a budget
  • Victoria summer sightseeing
  • Victoria zipline tours
  • Victoria festival tours
  • Unique Victoria tours
  • Victoria history tours
  • Victoria harbor tours


It's not just about the views-the countryside is alive with history and culture. But don't worry if heights aren't your thing. Imagine standing at the edge of discovery, where each experience is meticulously crafted to reveal the heart and soul of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's culinary scene offers an unforgettable adventure for your taste buds, showcasing the best of local and international flavors. Whether you're indulging in a spot of afternoon tea or scouring for unique souvenirs, these villages offer a slice of mountain life you won't want to miss. Recently, the tour company unveiled an ambitious expansion for its luxury sightseeing tours in Exclusive Victoria Day Tours, aiming to enhance your experience significantly.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Historic Landmarks Tour Packages

In essence, Star Sightseeing doesn't just take you on a tour; it envelops you in an ambiance of luxury and exclusivity, making every moment of your Exclusive Victoria Day Tours visit unforgettable. Don't forget to dress warmly, as evenings can get chilly.

Exclusive Victoria Day Tours - Victoria cherry blossom tours

  1. Sightseeing Victoria
  2. Victoria photography tours
  3. Victoria seaplane tours
  4. Romantic tours in Victoria
  5. Victoria wildlife tours
  6. Victoria Christmas market tours
  7. Victoria heritage tours
  8. Best sightseeing in Victoria
  9. Victoria island tours
  10. Victoria scenic drives
  11. Victoria cultural experience tours
  12. Victoria snowboard tours
  13. Victoria suburbs sightseeing
  14. Best tour operators in Victoria
  15. Victoria VIP tours
  16. Victoria spring sightseeing
  17. Victoria walking tours
  18. Victoria private tours
It's the perfect climax to your day, offering a moment of reflection atop Melbourne's highest vantage point. Or finding a secluded garden where the only sounds are the rustling leaves and distant city hum.
You'll leave with not just memories, but a deep appreciation for the artistry and flavor that define this city's culinary landscape. They're a vibrant part of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's food culture, offering a chance to taste a wide array of dishes in a lively, communal setting. From the moment you're greeted by your professional chauffeur, you'll realize this isn't your average sightseeing tour. Victoria nature tours
How do you make a sightseeing tour in Exclusive Victoria Day Tours uniquely yours? Moreover, Star Sightseeing connects you with local storytellers. Star Sightseeing's customized tours will guide you through these wonders, ensuring you don't miss a detail.
They understand that travel plans can change at the drop of a hat. Don't forget to partake in local harvest festivals, where you can sample fresh produce and seasonal delicacies. Next, you'll experience the majestic Craigdarroch Castle, immersing yourself in the opulence and history of Exclusive Victoria Day Tours's Exclusive Victoria Day Toursn era.

Explore Exclusive Victoria Day Tours here
Exclusive Victoria Day Tours Historic Landmarks Tour Packages

 

Methods of travel in Hong Kong, the most visited city according to Euromonitor. Top to bottom: the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the MTR.
Train travel – Passengers on a train on a bridge of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, between Mettupalayam and Ootacamund, in Tamil Nadu, India

Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.[1] Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism.

Etymology

[edit]

The origin of the word "travel" is most likely lost to history. The term "travel" may originate from the Old French word travail, which means 'work'.[2] According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word travel was in the 14th century. It also states that the word comes from Middle English travailen, travelen (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French travailler (which means to work strenuously, toil).

In English, people still occasionally use the words travail, which means struggle. According to Simon Winchester in his book The Best Travelers' Tales (2004), the words travel and travail both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the tripalium (in Latin it means "three stakes", as in to impale).[citation needed] This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times. Travel in modern times may or may not be much easier, depending upon the destination. Travel to Mount Everest, the Amazon rainforest, extreme tourism, and adventure travel are more difficult forms of travel. Travel can also be more difficult depending on the method of travel, such as by bus, cruise ship, or even by bullock cart.[3]

Purpose and motivation

[edit]
Traveler's motorcycle with large rear box

Reasons for traveling include recreation,[4] holidays, rejuvenation,[5] tourism[4] or vacationing,[4] research travel,[4] the gathering of information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages[4] and mission trips, business travel,[4] trade,[4] commuting, obtaining health care,[4] waging or fleeing war, for the enjoyment of traveling, or other reasons. Travelers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling; or vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains, ferries, boats, cruise ships and airplanes.

Motives for travel include:

History

[edit]

Travel dates back to antiquity where wealthy Greeks and Romans would travel for leisure to their summer homes and villas in cities such as Pompeii and Baiae.[9] While early travel tended to be slower, more dangerous, and more dominated by trade and migration, cultural and technological advances over many years have tended to mean that travel has become easier and more accessible.[10] Humankind has come a long way in transportation since Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World from Spain in 1492, an expedition which took over 10 weeks to arrive at the final destination; to the 21st century when aircraft allows travel from Spain to the United States overnight.

Travel in the Middle Ages offered hardships and challenges, though it was important to the economy and to society. The wholesale sector depended (for example) on merchants dealing with/through caravans or sea-voyagers, end-user retailing often demanded the services of many itinerant peddlers wandering from village to hamlet, gyrovagues (wandering monks) and wandering friars brought theology and pastoral support to neglected areas, traveling minstrels toured, and armies ranged far and wide in various crusades and in sundry other wars.[9] Pilgrimages were common in both the European and Islamic world and involved streams of travelers both locally and internationally.[11]

In the late 16th century, it became fashionable for young European aristocrats and wealthy upper-class men to travel to significant European cities as part of their education in the arts and literature. This was known as the Grand Tour, and included cities such as London, Paris, Venice, Florence, and Rome. However, the French Revolution brought with it the end of the Grand Tour.[9]

Travel by water often provided more comfort and speed than land-travel, at least until the advent of a network of railways in the 19th century. Travel for the purpose of tourism is reported to have started around this time when people began to travel for fun as travel was no longer a hard and challenging task. This was capitalized on by people like Thomas Cook selling tourism packages where trains and hotels were booked together.[12] Airships and airplanes took over much of the role of long-distance surface travel in the 20th century, notably after the Second World War where there was a surplus of both aircraft and pilots.[9] Air travel has become so ubiquitous in the 21st century that one woman, Alexis Alford, visited all 196 countries before the age of 21.[13]

Geographic types

[edit]

Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. Tours are a common type of travel. Examples of travel tours are expedition cruises,[14] small group tours,[15] and river cruises.[16]

Safety

[edit]
Travelers in a British Airways 747 airplane. Air travel is a common means of transport.
MS Skania ferry in the port of Szczecin

Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety.[17] When traveling abroad, the odds favor a safe and incident-free trip, however, travelers can be subject to difficulties, crime and violence.[18] Some safety considerations include being aware of one's surroundings,[17] avoiding being the target of a crime,[17] leaving copies of one's passport and itinerary information with trusted people,[17] obtaining medical insurance valid in the country being visited[17] and registering with one's national embassy when arriving in a foreign country.[17] Many countries do not recognize drivers' licenses from other countries; however most countries accept international driving permits.[19] Automobile insurance policies issued in one's own country are often invalid in foreign countries, and it is often a requirement to obtain temporary auto insurance valid in the country being visited.[19] It is also advisable to become oriented with the driving rules and regulations of destination countries.[19] Wearing a seat belt is highly advisable for safety reasons; many countries have penalties for violating seatbelt laws.[19]

There are three main statistics which may be used to compare the safety of various forms of travel (based on a Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions survey in October 2000):[20]

Mode Deaths per billion
Journeys Hours Kilometers
Bus 4.3 11.1 0.4
Rail 20 30 0.6
Air 117 30.8 0.05
Ship 90 50 2.6
Van 20 60 1.2
Car 40 130 3.1
Walking 40 220 54
Bicycle 170 550 45
Motorcycle 1640 4840 109

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Travel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 12 Apr 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  2. ^ Entymoligical dictionary (definition). Retrieved on 10 December 2011
  3. ^ Buzard, J. (1993). The Beaten Track. European Tourism literature, and the Ways to 'Culture' 1800 - 1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Road to Travel: Purpose of Travel." University of Florida, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. (Compilation for History 3931/REL 3938 course.) Accessed July 2011.
  5. ^ "Motivations of Travel" (PDF). U.S. Travel Association.
  6. ^ Simonson, Lawrence R.; Koth, Barbara A.; Kreag, Glenn M. (1988). "So Your Community Wants Travel/Tourism? Guidelines for Attracting and Servicing Visitors". conservancy.edu. hdl:11299/178439. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Motivations for Travel Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Travel Association. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Cultural Experiences". Worldpackers.
  9. ^ a b c d "A History Of Why People Travel". Matador Network.
  10. ^ "A Brief Visual History of Travel". Accessed May 2017.
  11. ^ Peters, F. E. (1994). The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places. Princeton University Press. p. 164. ISBN 9780691026190.
  12. ^ "A brief history of travel: From elite hobby to mass tourism". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  13. ^ Beni, Shauna (July 29, 2019). "This Gen Zer Just Became the Youngest Person to Travel to Every Country: Alexis Alford—or Lexie Limitless, as she's known on Instagram—has set the record at just 21 years old". Conde Nast Traveler. Retrieved March 6, 2020. ... By age 12, Alexis Alford ... Alford, now 21, has accomplished her goal...
  14. ^ "Unrivaled Expedition Cruises". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  15. ^ "Book a small group tour with National Geographic Journeys and see more of the world for less". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  16. ^ "River Cruises from National Geographic - Book one of our new authentic River Cruises across Europe or Asia". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  17. ^ a b c d e f "Tips for Traveling Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
  18. ^ "A Safe Trip Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
  19. ^ a b c d "Road Safety Overseas." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
  20. ^ The risks of travel Archived 2001-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]

 

 

Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire
Tours
Tours
 
Tours
Medieval buildings on Place Plumereau
Pont Wilson over the Loire
Prébendes d'Oé garden
Flag of Tours
Coat of arms of Tours
Location of Tours
Map
Tours is located in France
Tours
Tours
 

Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.393611°N 0.689167°E / 47.393611; 0.689167CountryFranceRegionCentre-Val de LoireDepartmentIndre-et-LoireArrondissementToursCantonTours-1
Tours-2
Tours-3
Tours-4
IntercommunalityTours Métropole Val de LoireGovernment

 

 • Mayor (2020–2026) Emmanuel Denis[1] (The Greens)

Area
1

34.7 km2 (13.4 sq mi) • Urban

 (2018)

684.9 km2 (264.4 sq mi) • Metro

 (2018)

3,631.6 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi)Population

 (2022)[2]

138,668 • Rank26th in France • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) • Urban

 (2018)

359,992 • Urban density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi) • Metro

 (2018)

516,973 • Metro density140/km2 (370/sq mi)Demonym(s)Tourangeau (masculine)
Tourangelle (feminine)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code

37261 /37000, 37100, 37200

Elevation44–119 m (144–390 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Tours (/tʊər/ TOOR; French: [tuʁ] ⓘ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metropolitan area was 516,973.[3]

Tours sits on the lower reaches of the Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Formerly named Caesarodunum by its founder, Roman Emperor Augustus, it possesses one of the largest amphitheaters of the Roman Empire, the Tours Amphitheatre. Known for the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, it is a National Sanctuary with connections to the Merovingians and the Carolingians, with the Capetians making the kingdom's currency the Livre tournois. Saint Martin and Gregory of Tours were from Tours. Tours was once part of Touraine, a former province of France. Tours was the first city of the silk industry. It was taken by Louis XI, as the royal capital under the Valois Kings with its Loire castles and city of art with the School of Tours. The prefecture was partially destroyed during the French Wars of Religion in the late 16th century and again during the Second World War in June 1940.

The White and Blue city keeps a historical center registered in the UNESCO, and is home to the Vieux-Tours, a patrimonial site. The garden city has a green heritage and an urban landscape strongly influenced by its natural space. The historic city that is nicknamed "Le Petit Paris" and its region by its history and culture has always been a land of birth or host to many personalities, international sporting events, and is a university city with more than 30,000 students in 2019. Tours is a popular culinary city with specialties such as: rillettes, rillons, Touraine vineyards, AOC Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine cheeses and nougats. The city is also the end-point of the annual Paris–Tours cycle race.

Etymology

[edit]

A popular folk etymology of the word "Tours" is that it comes from Turonus, the nephew of Brutus. Turonus died in a war between Corineus and the king of Aquitaine, Goffarius Pictus, provoked by Corineus hunting in the king's forests without permission. It is said that Turonus was buried in Tours and the city is founded around his grave.[4]

History

[edit]

In Gallic times, Tours was an important crossing point over the Loire. It became part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, and the city was named Caesarodunum ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became Civitas Turonum and then Tours. It was at this time that the Tours Amphitheatre was built.

Tours became a metropolis in the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388 AD, dominating Maine, Brittany, and the Loire Valley. One important figure in the city was Saint Martin of Tours, a bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. The importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, a major centre during the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages

[edit]

In the 6th century, Gregory of Tours, author of the Ten Books of History, restored a cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, Clovis I, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the Carolingian Renaissance, in particular because of Alcuin, of York in Northumbria, a renowned book collector and an abbot of Marmoutier Abbey.

In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and an army of Muslim horsemen from Al-Andalus advanced 500 kilometres (300 miles) deep into France, and were stopped at Moussais-la-Bataille[5] (between Châtellerault and Poitiers) by Charles Martel and his infantry. This ignited the Battle of Tours. The Muslim army was defeated, preventing an Islamic conquest of France.

In 845, Tours repelled the first attack of the Viking chief Haesten. In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. Still led by Haesten, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked Angers, Tours and Marmoutier Abbey.

During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman 'castrum', was composed of the cathedral and palace of the archbishops as well as the castle of Tours. The castle of Tours acted as a seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the city during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres were Varennes, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century.

Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings

Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or Touraine, a territory bitterly disputed between the counts of Blois and Anjou – the latter were victorious in the 11th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis-les-Tours, at the junction of the Loire and the Indre rivers). Tours and Touraine remained a permanent residence of the kings and court until the 16th century. The Renaissance gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined to some extent under the generic name of the Châteaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

16th–18th centuries

[edit]

Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the attendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as Rochambeau, the well-known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot in Tours.

19th to 20th centuries

[edit]

The arrival of the railway in the 19th century saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector.

First World War

[edit]
Tours Cathedral: 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.

The city was greatly affected by the First World War. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Because of this, Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the Parçay-Meslay airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre. They also took part in festivals and their YMCA organised shows for the troops. Some men married women from Tours.

Inter-war years

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In 1920, the city hosted the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the French Communist Party. One future consequence of that congress was the presence of Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese nationalist, who became one of the first members of the party.

Second World War

[edit]

Tours was also marked by the Second World War, as the city suffered massive destruction in 1940. For four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10 to 13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to Bordeaux.

German incendiary bombs caused a huge fire, which blazed out of control from 20 to 22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge, which carried a water main that supplied the city, was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed, nobody could extinguish the inferno. That made inhabitants have no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids by Allied forces devastated the area around the railway station in 1944, causing several hundred deaths.

Post-war developments

[edit]

A plan for the rebuilding of the central area drawn up by the local architect Camille Lefèvre had been adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la rue Nationale), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo but simplify the 18th-century architecture. Pierre Patout succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time, there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the rue Nationale to make it in keeping with the new development.

The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of Jean Royer, who was mayor for 36 years and helped save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first Conservation Areas. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the Cher River to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines. At the time, it was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the François Rabelais University was founded and centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, not, as was the current practice, in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as mayor was, however, not without controversy, as is exemplified by the construction of the practical but aesthetically unattractive motorway, which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by Jean Nouvel. The project incurred debts although it at least made Tours one of France's principal conference centres.

Jean Germain, a member of the Socialist Party, became mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management was regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor because of the financial stability of the city returning. However, his achievements were criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition. There were no large building projects instituted under his two terms. That position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities.

Climate

[edit]

Tours has an oceanic climate that is very mild for such a northern latitude. Summers are influenced by its inland position, resulting in frequent days of 25 °C (77 °F) or warmer, whereas winters are kept mild by Atlantic air masses. The entire valley between Orlans and Angers is famous for the luminosity of its air and for its fabulous châteaux, most of them Renaissance (over 600 between Orlans and Angers).

Climate data for Tours (1991–2020 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)
22.1
(71.8)
25.3
(77.5)
29.2
(84.6)
31.8
(89.2)
39.1
(102.4)
40.8
(105.4)
39.8
(103.6)
35.5
(95.9)
31.1
(88.0)
22.3
(72.1)
18.5
(65.3)
40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)
9.0
(48.2)
12.9
(55.2)
16.0
(60.8)
19.6
(67.3)
23.4
(74.1)
25.9
(78.6)
26.0
(78.8)
22.1
(71.8)
17.0
(62.6)
11.4
(52.5)
8.1
(46.6)
16.6
(61.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)
5.6
(42.1)
8.6
(47.5)
11.0
(51.8)
14.5
(58.1)
18.0
(64.4)
20.2
(68.4)
20.2
(68.4)
16.8
(62.2)
13.0
(55.4)
8.3
(46.9)
5.5
(41.9)
12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
2.3
(36.1)
4.3
(39.7)
6.0
(42.8)
9.4
(48.9)
12.6
(54.7)
14.4
(57.9)
14.3
(57.7)
11.4
(52.5)
9.0
(48.2)
5.3
(41.5)
2.9
(37.2)
7.9
(46.2)
Record low °C (°F) −17.4
(0.7)
−14.2
(6.4)
−10.3
(13.5)
−3.4
(25.9)
−0.6
(30.9)
2.6
(36.7)
4.3
(39.7)
4.8
(40.6)
0.9
(33.6)
−2.3
(27.9)
−7.1
(19.2)
−18.5
(−1.3)
−18.5
(−1.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 63.0
(2.48)
52.4
(2.06)
48.7
(1.92)
53.0
(2.09)
57.7
(2.27)
53.2
(2.09)
46.6
(1.83)
44.0
(1.73)
51.8
(2.04)
66.0
(2.60)
69.3
(2.73)
72.1
(2.84)
677.8
(26.69)
Average precipitation days 11.0 9.8 9.3 8.9 9.0 7.6 6.7 6.6 7.5 9.8 11.4 11.5 109.0
Average snowy days 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 10.6
Average relative humidity (%) 87 84 79 74 77 75 72 73 77 84 87 89 79.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.4 95.2 148.8 187.3 214.2 228.5 247.1 237.7 191.3 122.9 78.9 64.6 1,884.8
Source 1: Météo France[6][7]
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[8]

Sights

[edit]
Hôtel de Ville, Place Jean Jaurès
St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.
Pont Wilson

Cathedral

[edit]

The Cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166 during the dispute between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the western towers belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic, which were completed just as the Renaissance was affecting the patrons who planned the châteaux of Touraine. The towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the Château de Chenonceau.

When the 15th-century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illuminating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modelled on the nearly complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maître Cornélius opens in the cathedral itself.

Other points of interest

[edit]

Language

[edit]

Before the French Revolution, the inhabitants of Tours (Les Tourangeaux) were known for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country.[9] The pronunciation of Touraine was traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, until the 19th century when the standard pronunciation of French shifted to that of the Parisian bourgeoisie.[10] That is explained by the fact that the court of France lived in Touraine between 1430 and 1530. French, the language of the court, had become the official language of the entire kingdom.

A Council of Tours in 813 decided that priests should preach sermons in different languages because the common people could no longer understand classical Latin. This was the first official recognition of an early French language distinct from Latin, and can be considered as the birth of French.

The Ordinance of Montils-lès-Tours, promulgated by Charles VII in 1454, made it mandatory to write laws and oral customs in the native language of the area.

An ordinance of Charles VIII (born in Amboise, near Tours) in 1490 and one of Louis XII (born in Blois, near Tours) in 1510 broaden the scope of the ordinance of Charles VII.

Finally, the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, signed into law by Francis I in 1539, called for the use of French in all legal acts, notarized contracts and official legislation to avoid any linguistic confusion.

Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century that some people in the area could still speak Gaulish.

City

[edit]
Pont Wilson crosses the river Loire at the old civic core

The city has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs.

Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called le Vieux Tours. Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and la Place Plumereau, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.

Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, Wilson Bridge, collapsed in 1978 but was rebuilt.

In the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now Musée des Beaux-Arts) is a huge cedar tree said to have been planted by Napoleon.[11] The garden also has a stuffed elephant named Fritz. He escaped from the Barnum and Bailey circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was taxidermied as a result.

Tours is home to University of Tours (formerly known as University François Rabelais of Tours), the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called Florilège Vocal de Tours International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.

Population

[edit]

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Tours proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Tours absorbed the former commune of Saint-Étienne in 1845 and Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine and Saint-Symphorien in 1964.[12]

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 21,000 —    
1800 20,240 −0.53%
1806 21,703 +1.17%
1821 21,928 +0.07%
1831 23,235 +0.58%
1836 26,669 +2.80%
1841 30,072 +2.43%
1846 30,766 +0.46%
1851 33,530 +1.74%
1856 38,055 +2.56%
1861 41,061 +1.53%
1866 42,450 +0.67%
1872 43,368 +0.36%
1876 48,325 +2.74%
1881 52,209 +1.56%
1886 59,585 +2.68%
1891 60,335 +0.25%
1896 63,267 +0.95%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1901 64,695 +0.45%
1906 67,601 +0.88%
1911 73,398 +1.66%
1921 75,096 +0.23%
1926 77,192 +0.55%
1931 78,585 +0.36%
1936 83,753 +1.28%
1946 80,044 −0.45%
1954 83,618 +0.55%
1962 92,944 +1.33%
1968 128,120 +5.50%
1975 140,686 +1.35%
1982 132,209 −0.88%
1990 129,509 −0.26%
1999 132,820 +0.28%
2007 136,578 +0.35%
2012 134,978 −0.24%
2017 135,787 +0.12%
 
Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968–2017)[13]

Transportation

[edit]
Tram model, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

Today, with extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute connections linking to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the royal châteaux.

Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast of Bordeaux in an hour and forty minutes. From there, the line follows the Mediterranean coast via Avignon, and then to Spain and Barcelona. There are also lines to Lyon, Strasbourg and Lille. It takes less than one hour by train to get from Tours to Paris by TGV and one and a half hours to get to Charles de Gaulle Airport. Tours has two main stations: Gare de Tours, the central station, and Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, used by trains that do not terminate in Tours.

Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to European cities.

Historically, Tours was served by trams and trolleybuses, the trolleybus system lasting from 1949 to 1968. Tram service returned to the city in 2013, when a new tram system began operation. Twenty-one Alstom Citadis trams were ordered.[14]

There is also a bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaurès, next to the Hôtel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. The tram and bus networks are operated by Fil Bleu and they share a ticketing system. A second tram line is scheduled for 2025.[15]

Sport

[edit]

The city's football team, Tours FC, currently play in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. They also have a second team, CCSP Tours. CCSP's home stadium is the Stade des Tourettes and they play in the Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre, the seventh tier of the French football league system.[citation needed]

Tours has served as the finish location for Paris–Tours, a one-day road cycling classic race held almost every October since 1896.[16]

Tours also has a volleyball club named the Tours VB.

Catholics from Tours

[edit]
Venerable Leo Dupont, Holy Man of Tours

Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. In 1843, Sister Marie of St Peter of Tours reported a vision which started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The Golden Arrow Prayer was first made public by her.

The Venerable Leo Dupont also known as The Holy Man of Tours lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which spread throughout France. Upon hearing of Sister Marie of St Peter's reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the Holy Face of Jesus. The devotion was eventually approved by Pope Pius XII in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.[17] The Oratory of the Holy Face on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year.

Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire.[18]

Notable people

[edit]
Louise de la Vallière, 17th.C
General Régis de Trobriand, 1865

Public service

[edit]

Arts

[edit]
Jean Fouquet self portrait, ca.1450
Philippe Néricault Destouches, 1741
statue of Honoré de Balzac

Science and business

[edit]
Gabriel Lamé

Sport

[edit]
Pascal Hervé, 2000

Twin towns — sister cities

[edit]

Tours is twinned with:[28]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Comparateur de territoire". INSEE. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  4. ^ Historia Brittonum 7, 10–11
  5. ^ The Andalusian History, from the Islamic conquest till the fall of Granada 92–897 A.H. (711–1492 C.E.), by Professor AbdurRahman Ali El-Hajji, a professor of the Islamic history at Baghdad University, published in Dar Al-Qalam, in Damascus, and in Beirut. "Second Edition". p. 194
  6. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Tours" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  7. ^ "TOURS (37)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  8. ^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Tours – St Symphorien (37) – altitude 112m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Tours, France". Meet Minneapolis. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  10. ^ de Montvalon, Jean-Baptiste. "Philippe Boula de Mareüil : « Les accents participent à la richesse de notre langue". Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  11. ^ "City summary: Tours". us.media.france.fr.
  12. ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Tours, EHESS (in French).
  13. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  14. ^ "Tours selects Citadis and APS". Railway Gazette International. London. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  15. ^ "Tramway de Tours – Le Tram de Tours". letramdetours.net.
  16. ^ "City tourism: Tours". Paris–Tours. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  17. ^ Dorothy Scallan. "The Holy Man of Tours." (1990) ISBN 0-89555-390-2
  18. ^ Davis, Paul K. (1999) "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present" ISBN 0-19-514366-3
  19. ^ "Berengarius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.
  20. ^ "La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.
  21. ^ "Viollet, Paul Marie" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 107.
  22. ^ "Foucquet, Jean" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 737.
  23. ^ Williamson, George Charles (1911). "Clouet, François" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.
  24. ^ "Destouches, Philippe" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 104.
  25. ^ "Dutens, Louis" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 736.
  26. ^ "Bouilly, Jean Nicolas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 318.
  27. ^ Saintsbury, George (1911). "Balzac, Honoré de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 298–301.
  28. ^ "Jumelages et partenariats". tours.fr (in French). Tours. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

Further reading

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[edit]

 

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