Home moving services Richmond

Home moving services Richmond

Moving and storage services

Comprised of skilled movers, packers, and logistics experts, they're dedicated to providing the highest level of service from start to finish. Understanding the unique needs of each client, BBX Moving offers tailored moving solutions designed to make every relocation smooth and stress-free.

Home moving services Richmond - Reliable moving teams

  1. Residential moving services
  2. Storage solutions Richmond
  3. Moving cost estimator
  4. Movers for large items
  5. Long-term storage options
  6. Corporate moving services
  7. Affordable moving services
  8. Professional movers
  9. Richmond moving specialists
  10. International moving companies
  11. Moving checklists
  12. Moving company website
  13. Family moving services
  14. Moving estimates
  15. Moving help Richmond
  16. Moving service providers
  17. Moving crew Richmond
  18. Moving company near me
  19. Moving company discounts
  20. Office movers Richmond
This approach ensures easy unpacking and helps movers place boxes in the correct location. There are typically two types of moving insurance: Full Value Protection and Released Value Protection. They've gathered invaluable advice to help you navigate the complexities of moving. Learn more about Home moving services Richmond here
Plus, they're always there to answer any questions or concerns you may have about the moving process. BBX Moving advises customers to carefully consider their insurance options before moving day. Learn more about BBX Moving here. BBX Moving offers climate-controlled storage options that ensure your items remain in pristine condition, regardless of the weather outside. Understanding the stresses of moving, BBX Moving offers seamless services designed to make relocations in Richmond feel effortless.
The company's commitment to providing a seamless storage experience is evident in the meticulous attention to detail. Recognizing the unique challenges that come with each move, BBX Moving also offers specialized services such as packing and unpacking, providing clients with the peace of mind that their belongings are handled with care. It's not just about throwing things into boxes; it's about ensuring everything arrives safely and is easy to find at the new location. But how exactly does BBX Moving stand apart in a sea of moving solutions, and what makes their service a cornerstone for eco-friendly relocations?
Moreover, being fully bonded and insured means BBX Moving takes responsibility for the safety and security of your belongings during the move. Having explored how bonding protects clients, it's crucial to understand the mechanics behind it, highlighting its significance in the moving industry. Once at your new destination, the team unloads with the same attention to detail and care as when they packed. This all-encompassing approach means that clients can expect a smooth transition to their new home, with BBX Moving taking care of the particulars, ensuring nothing is overlooked.

They recommend arranging this at least a week in advance to ensure services like electricity and water are running when you arrive. BBX Moving delivers just that. That's why they also offer storage solutions, providing a safe space for belongings until clients are ready to move into their new space. This quote is designed to give you a clear understanding of the services you're paying for, without any hidden fees or surprises.

Home moving services Richmond - Commercial moving quotes

  1. Moving to a new home Richmond
  2. Heavy lifting services Richmond
  3. Packing and unpacking services
  4. Commercial moving services
  5. Moving company contact
  6. Moving boxes Richmond
  7. Moving for students Richmond
  8. Packing services Richmond
  9. Moving assistance Richmond
  10. Moving service reviews
  11. Packing and moving Richmond
  12. Move-in services Richmond
  13. Moving to Richmond
  14. Moving project management
  15. Residential moving services
  16. Storage solutions Richmond
  17. Moving cost estimator
  18. Movers for large items
  19. Long-term storage options
Packing is another area where customers can cut costs.

BBX Moving doesn't just stop at transporting belongings from one place to another. From advanced packing materials that provide superior protection to modern vehicles designed for the secure transport of goods, our team is outfitted to tackle any challenge a move might present. They're committed to completing moves efficiently without compromising on care or quality. From the outset, they focused on building a team of experienced and dedicated movers.

Following this consultation, BBX Moving provides a transparent, itemized quote, breaking down the costs involved.

Home moving services Richmond - Long-distance movers

  1. Moving and storage services
  2. Packing and moving Richmond
  3. Packing and moving Richmond
  4. Packing and moving Richmond
  5. Packing and moving Richmond
  6. Packing and moving Richmond
  7. Packing and moving Richmond
  8. Packing and moving Richmond
  9. Packing and moving Richmond
  10. Packing and moving Richmond
  11. Packing and moving Richmond
  12. Packing and moving Richmond
  13. Packing and moving Richmond
  14. Packing and moving Richmond
  15. Packing and moving Richmond
  16. Packing and moving Richmond
  17. Packing and moving Richmond
Lastly, BBX Moving goes above and beyond by offering customizable moving solutions that cater to the unique needs of each client. With years of experience, they're adept at handling a wide range of furniture types, from intricate office desks to complex shelving units. They're not taking any chances when it comes to protecting their clients' valuables.

Home moving services Richmond - Moving and storage services

  1. Richmond relocation services
  2. Best moving company
  3. Richmond moving trucks rental
  4. Richmond movers with trucks
  5. Packing for a move Richmond
  6. Small load movers Richmond
  7. Best movers Richmond
  8. Large item transportation
  9. Richmond moving guides
  10. Apartment movers Richmond
  11. Move-out services Richmond
  12. Richmond moving consultants
  13. Local and long-distance movers
  14. Residential relocation services
  15. Moving labor services
  16. Local moving company Richmond


Embarking on your moving journey with BBX Moving starts with a simple, straightforward process. They believe in transparency, showing you exactly what you're paying for without hidden fees or surprises. BBX Moving excels in both arenas, offering tailored solutions to ensure a seamless transition, whether you're moving across town or across the country. With BBX Moving, you're not just hiring a moving company; you're partnering with a team that's committed to making your local move as effortless as possible.

Citations and other links

Antique furniture relocation Richmond

They'll want to know the size of your home, the number of items you're moving, and any special requirements you might have. Choosing BBX Moving for your relocation needs means embracing a seamless transition powered by expertise and personalized care. Whether you're looking to get a quick quote, need to ask about specific moving services, or have concerns about your upcoming move, their friendly and knowledgeable staff are ready to assist. Their team of professional movers uses high-quality materials and proven techniques to safeguard every item, large or small.

They're not just moving belongings; they're ensuring each move is a step towards a greener future. They understand that they're not just moving items; they're moving lives. Once in touch, BBX Moving requests some basic information about your move.

BBX Moving delivers the boxes directly to the customer's doorstep and picks them up after the move, eliminating the hassle of disposal and contributing to a smoother relocation process.

Home moving services Richmond - Residential moving services Richmond

  1. Professional packing Richmond
  2. Richmond movers
  3. Moving company insurance
  4. Richmond moving professionals
  5. Moving to a new home Richmond
  6. Heavy lifting services Richmond
  7. Packing and unpacking services
  8. Commercial moving services
  9. Moving company contact
  10. Moving boxes Richmond
  11. Moving for students Richmond
  12. Packing services Richmond
  13. Moving assistance Richmond
  14. Moving service reviews
  15. Packing and moving Richmond
  16. Move-in services Richmond
  17. Moving to Richmond
  18. Moving project management
Once the order is placed, BBX Moving takes care of the rest.

Home moving services Richmond - Reliable moving teams

  1. Corporate moving services
  2. Affordable moving services
  3. Professional movers
  4. Richmond moving specialists
  5. International moving companies
  6. Moving checklists
  7. Moving company website
  8. Family moving services
  9. Moving estimates
  10. Moving help Richmond
  11. Moving service providers
  12. Moving crew Richmond
  13. Moving company near me
  14. Moving company discounts
  15. Office movers Richmond
  16. Budget moving companies
  17. Interstate moving companies
  18. Packing supplies Richmond
  19. On-demand movers
  20. Piano movers Richmond
Each member is meticulously selected based on their experience, skill set, and dedication to providing the highest level of customer satisfaction.

Home moving services Richmond - Residential moving services Richmond

  1. Furniture wrapping services
  2. Moving quotes Richmond
  3. Local moving company quotes
  4. Last-minute movers Richmond
  5. Commercial moving quotes
  6. Furniture moving
  7. Reliable moving teams
  8. Local moving services
  9. Temporary storage services
  10. Moving tips Richmond
  11. Affordable moving options
  12. Senior moving services
  13. Residential moving services Richmond
  14. Long-distance movers
  15. Cross-country movers
  16. Professional furniture movers
  17. Moving inventory checklist
  18. Richmond relocation services


While the company goes to great lengths to ensure the safe handling and transport of your belongings, unexpected events can occur.

Home moving services Richmond - Residential moving services Richmond

  1. Affordable moving options
  2. Senior moving services
  3. Residential moving services Richmond
  4. Long-distance movers
  5. Cross-country movers
  6. Professional furniture movers
  7. Moving inventory checklist
  8. Richmond relocation services
  9. Best moving company
  10. Richmond moving trucks rental
  11. Richmond movers with trucks
  12. Packing for a move Richmond
  13. Small load movers Richmond
  14. Best movers Richmond
  15. Large item transportation
  16. Richmond moving guides
  17. Apartment movers Richmond
BBX Moving's efforts to elevate industry standards haven't gone unnoticed.

Home moving services Richmond - Local moving services

  1. Move-out services Richmond
  2. Richmond moving consultants
  3. Local and long-distance movers
  4. Residential relocation services
  5. Moving labor services
  6. Local moving company Richmond
  7. Moving truck rental Richmond
  8. Professional packing Richmond
  9. Richmond movers
  10. Moving company insurance
  11. Richmond moving professionals
  12. Moving to a new home Richmond
  13. Heavy lifting services Richmond
  14. Packing and unpacking services
  15. Commercial moving services
  16. Moving company contact
  17. Moving boxes Richmond
  18. Moving for students Richmond
  19. Packing services Richmond
It's this commitment to going the extra mile that has earned them a loyal customer base and rave reviews.

Antique furniture relocation Richmond
Long distance moving Richmond

Long distance moving Richmond

It's part of their commitment to customer satisfaction, making sure they're there for you every step of the way. In essence, BBX Moving's ability to navigate long-distances with precision and care sets them apart in the moving industry.

Home moving services Richmond - Reliable movers

  1. Budget moving companies
  2. Interstate moving companies
  3. Packing supplies Richmond
  4. On-demand movers
  5. Piano movers Richmond
  6. Full-service movers Richmond
  7. Affordable moving companies
  8. Full-service moving company
  9. Richmond moving rates
  10. Richmond moving logistics
  11. Moving and storage services
  12. Interstate movers
  13. Moving logistics Richmond
  14. Eco-friendly movers
  15. Moving services for apartments
  16. Cheap movers Richmond
  17. Moving company pricing
Lastly, their service is tailored to your needs. Their strategies for cross-country moving and interstate relocation tips ensure a seamless transition for clients.
Customers benefit from a more sustainable moving process, aligning their relocation efforts with environmental responsibility. They've carved a niche for themselves in a crowded market by focusing on what really matters to clients: trust, reliability, and the personal touch that turns a stressful move into a smooth transition. Read more about Home moving services Richmond here Their involvement goes beyond mere sponsorship; they're hands-on, providing logistical support, manpower, and sometimes even coordinating events to ensure they're a success.

Moving company reviews Richmond

BBX Moving's tailored commercial moving services allowed for a quick and organized move, ensuring his business was up and running in no time. BBX Moving prides itself on providing tailored relocation solutions, utilizing advanced moving technology to ensure a stress-free experience.

Home moving services Richmond - Moving trucks Richmond

  1. Moving company website
  2. Family moving services
  3. Moving estimates
  4. Moving help Richmond
  5. Moving service providers
  6. Moving crew Richmond
  7. Moving company near me
  8. Moving company discounts
  9. Office movers Richmond
  10. Budget moving companies
  11. Interstate moving companies
  12. Packing supplies Richmond
  13. On-demand movers
  14. Piano movers Richmond
  15. Full-service movers Richmond
  16. Affordable moving companies
This approach not only keeps your items safe but also contributes to a healthier planet. They also accept various payment methods, including major credit cards, bank transfers, and even online payment platforms, making the process as convenient as possible.

Recognizing the stress and challenges that come with relocating, they're dedicated to making the moving process as smooth and seamless as possible for their clients. With their team of expert movers and a commitment to seamless services, they're not just changing addresses; they're redefining the very essence of moving. Moreover, BBX Moving's local presence means they're deeply integrated into the community.

These stories highlight BBX Moving's commitment to providing exceptional service and support. Through their actions, they've shown that their commitment to excellence extends beyond the logistics of moving to genuinely caring for the community they serve.

Home moving services Richmond - Commercial moving quotes

    Access to the storage units is tightly controlled, with entry only granted through secure, personalized key codes.

    Home moving services Richmond - Moving and storage services

    1. Moving assistance Richmond
    2. Moving service reviews
    3. Packing and moving Richmond
    4. Move-in services Richmond
    5. Moving to Richmond
    6. Moving project management
    7. Residential moving services
    8. Storage solutions Richmond
    9. Moving cost estimator
    10. Movers for large items
    11. Long-term storage options
    12. Corporate moving services
    13. Affordable moving services
    14. Professional movers
    15. Richmond moving specialists
    16. International moving companies
    17. Moving checklists


    They understand that when it comes to storing personal or business items, security isn't an option-it's a necessity.

    Home moving services Richmond - Commercial moving quotes

    1. Full-service moving company
    2. Richmond moving rates
    3. Richmond moving logistics
    4. Moving and storage services
    5. Interstate movers
    6. Moving logistics Richmond
    7. Eco-friendly movers
    8. Moving services for apartments
    9. Cheap movers Richmond
    10. Moving company pricing
    11. Furniture wrapping services
    12. Moving quotes Richmond
    13. Local moving company quotes
    14. Last-minute movers Richmond
    15. Long-distance movers
    16. Cross-country movers
    17. Professional furniture movers
    18. Moving inventory checklist
    In addition to maintaining an ideal climate, secure storage features play a pivotal role in safeguarding your valuables from theft and unauthorized access. Once you've selected your package, they deliver the boxes to your doorstep and pick them up from your new location once you're settled.

    Moving company reviews Richmond
    Richmond house relocation services
    Richmond house relocation services

    This peace of mind is invaluable during what can often be a stressful time. They understand the nuances of delicate items and the importance of meticulous handling, setting them apart from competitors.

    Home moving services Richmond - Moving and storage services

    1. Moving company reviews
    2. Experienced moving companies
    3. Moving trucks Richmond
    4. Moving and junk removal
    5. Commercial office moving
    6. Commercial moving quotes
    7. Furniture moving
    8. Reliable moving teams
    9. Local moving services
    10. Temporary storage services
    11. Moving tips Richmond
    12. Affordable moving options
    13. Senior moving services
    14. Residential moving services Richmond
    15. Long-distance movers
    16. Cross-country movers
    17. Professional furniture movers
    18. Moving inventory checklist
    They'll work with you to create a moving plan that fits your schedule and budget. Their pricing model is transparent, ensuring customers know exactly what they're paying for, without any hidden fees or last-minute surprises. In addition to technological advancements, BBX Moving is also planning to extend its geographical footprint.

    Moreover, BBX Moving emphasizes convenience. BBX Moving also achieved a significant benchmark in customer satisfaction, maintaining a 5-star rating across various review platforms for consecutive years. They've streamlined their booking process to ensure you're not just another job number but a valued customer with unique needs and preferences. Not only were their rates competitive, but there were no hidden fees.

    Building on their use of cutting-edge technology, BBX Moving also ensures a stress-free moving experience by focusing on customer service and meticulous planning. In a world where moving can often be synonymous with stress, Richmond's premier moving company, BBX Moving, introduces a breath of fresh air with its new, streamlined move management services. Their flexibility allows clients to choose a full-service move or select only the services they need, ensuring a custom-fit moving experience that alleviates the stress and hassle often associated with moving. Whether it's finding the safest route for transportation or offering packing tips to protect your valuables, they're there to support you every step of the way.

    This means every step, from packing to transportation, is executed with precision and care. Moreover, they're transparent about potential factors that could affect the final cost, such as time of year, move complexity, and access issues at the move locations. BBX Moving advises customers to pack items like jewelry, important documents, and family heirlooms in distinct, clearly labeled containers.

    Home moving services Richmond - Senior moving services

    1. Best moving company
    2. Richmond moving trucks rental
    3. Richmond movers with trucks
    4. Packing for a move Richmond
    5. Small load movers Richmond
    6. Best movers Richmond
    7. Large item transportation
    8. Richmond moving guides
    9. Apartment movers Richmond
    10. Move-out services Richmond
    11. Richmond moving consultants
    12. Local and long-distance movers
    13. Residential relocation services
    14. Moving labor services
    15. Local moving company Richmond
    16. Moving truck rental Richmond
    17. Professional packing Richmond
    18. Richmond movers
    19. Moving company insurance
    20. Richmond moving professionals
    Initially focusing on local moves, the company quickly expanded its services to include long-distance relocations, recognizing the growing demand from customers.

    Corporate relocation Richmond

    They've initiated green moving practices, aiming to reduce waste and promote recycling during moves. This specialized approach guarantees that every valuable reaches its destination in pristine condition, reflecting their commitment to exceptional service. Moreover, BBX's inventory management system allows for easy tracking and retrieval of your possessions, giving you peace of mind. They start by assessing your moving needs to provide a detailed plan and quote, ensuring there are no surprises along the way.

    Home moving services Richmond - Moving trucks Richmond

    1. Full-service movers Richmond
    2. Affordable moving companies
    3. Full-service moving company
    4. Richmond moving rates
    5. Richmond moving logistics
    6. Moving and storage services
    7. Interstate movers
    8. Moving logistics Richmond
    9. Eco-friendly movers
    10. Moving services for apartments
    11. Cheap movers Richmond
    12. Moving company pricing
    13. Furniture wrapping services
    14. Moving quotes Richmond
    15. Local moving company quotes
    16. Last-minute movers Richmond
    17. Temporary storage services
    18. Moving tips Richmond

    This innovative approach streamlines the entire moving process, from initial booking to final delivery. Every mover is equipped with the skills and knowledge to ensure that furniture isn't only transported safely but also installed correctly at its new location. The team is well-versed in the nuances of packing, crating, and transporting items that require an extra touch of care.
    Their team works closely with you to understand your specific needs and preferences, ensuring your move is tailored to your exact requirements. It's not just about transporting items from one place to another; it's about orchestrating a complex operation that involves planning, coordination, and execution. They recognize that no two moves are the same, and they're passionate about providing personalized services that address the specific requirements and preferences of their customers.
    They understand that each move is unique, and so are the storage needs that come with it. Their commitment to quality, accountability, and customer satisfaction stands out in a crowded marketplace, making them the go-to choice for anyone looking to move in Richmond with confidence. Moreover, BBX Moving has adopted GPS tracking technology for their fleet of moving trucks.

    Home moving services Richmond - Commercial moving quotes

    1. Richmond relocation services
    2. Best moving company
    3. Richmond moving trucks rental
    4. Richmond movers with trucks
    5. Packing for a move Richmond
    6. Small load movers Richmond
    7. Best movers Richmond
    8. Large item transportation
    9. Richmond moving guides
    10. Apartment movers Richmond
    11. Move-out services Richmond
    12. Richmond moving consultants
    13. Local and long-distance movers
    14. Residential relocation services
    15. Moving labor services
    16. Local moving company Richmond
    17. Moving truck rental Richmond

    Explore Home moving services Richmond bere
    Corporate relocation Richmond
    Short visual history of furniture styles (from left to right): cloisonné plaque (Assyrian), Chair of Reniseneb (Ancient Egyptian), metal brazier with satyrs from Pompei (Greco-Roman), fall-front cabinet inlaid with ivory (Indian), low-back armchair (Chinese), casket with images of Cupids (Byzantine), wood and ivory furniture fragment (Islamic), chest (Gothic), analogion (Romanian Medieval), sideboard with two bodies (Renaissance), gilded table (Baroque), commode (Rococo), armchair with cornucopia (Louis XVI), secretary (Empire), fauteuil a joues armchair (19th century Eclecticism and/or Revivalism), vitrine (Art Nouveau), commode (Art Deco), IKEA kitchen cupboards and a table with glass top (Contemporary)

    Furniture refers to objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, working, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks). Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground, such as tables and desks), or to store things (e.g., cupboards, shelves, and drawers). Furniture can be a product of design and can be considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. It can be made from a vast multitude of materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be made using a variety of woodworking joints which often reflects the local culture.

    People have been using natural objects, such as tree stumps, rocks and moss, as furniture since the beginning of human civilization and continues today in some households/campsites. Archaeological research shows that from around 30,000 years ago, people started to construct and carve their own furniture, using wood, stone, and animal bones. Early furniture from this period is known from artwork such as a Venus figurine found in Russia, depicting the goddess on a throne. The first surviving extant furniture is in the homes of Skara Brae in Scotland, and includes cupboards, dressers and beds all constructed from stone. Complex construction techniques such as joinery began in the early dynastic period of ancient Egypt. This era saw constructed wooden pieces, including stools and tables, sometimes decorated with valuable metals or ivory. The evolution of furniture design continued in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, with thrones being commonplace as well as the klinai, multipurpose couches used for relaxing, eating, and sleeping. The furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented. Furniture design expanded during the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs. The nineteenth century is usually defined by revival styles. The first three-quarters of the twentieth century are often seen as the march towards Modernism. One unique outgrowth of post-modern furniture design is a return to natural shapes and textures.[1]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    The English word furniture is derived from the French word fourniture,[2] the noun form of fournir, which means to supply or provide.[3] Thus fourniture in French means supplies or provisions.[4] The English usage, referring specifically to household objects, is specific to that language;[5] French and other Romance languages as well as German use variants of the word meubles, which derives from Latin mobilia, meaning "moveable goods".[6]

    History

    [edit]

    Prehistory

    [edit]

    The practice of using natural objects as rudimentary pieces of furniture likely dates to the beginning of human civilization.[7] Early humans are likely to have used tree stumps as seats, rocks as rudimentary tables, and mossy areas for sleeping.[7] During the late Paleolithic or early Neolithic period, from around 30,000 years ago, people began constructing and carving their own furniture, using wood, stone and animal bones.[8] The earliest evidence for the existence of constructed furniture is a Venus figurine found at the Gagarino site in Russia, which depicts the goddess in a sitting position, on a throne.[9] A similar statue of a seated woman was found in Çatalhöyük in Turkey, dating to between 6000 and 5500 BCE.[7] The inclusion of such a seat in the figurines implies that these were already common artefacts of that age.[9]

    A range of unique stone furniture has been excavated in Skara Brae, a Neolithic village in Orkney, Scotland The site dates from 3100 to 2500 BCE and due to a shortage of wood in Orkney, the people of Skara Brae were forced to build with stone, a readily available material that could be worked easily and turned into items for use within the household. Each house shows a high degree of sophistication and was equipped with an extensive assortment of stone furniture, ranging from cupboards, dressers, and beds to shelves, stone seats, and limpet tanks. The stone dresser was regarded as the most important as it symbolically faces the entrance in each house and is therefore the first item seen when entering, perhaps displaying symbolic objects, including decorative artwork such as several Neolithic carved stone balls also found at the site.

    Antiquity

    [edit]

    Ancient furniture has been excavated from the 8th-century BCE Phrygian tumulus, the Midas Mound, in Gordion, Turkey. Pieces found here include tables and inlaid serving stands. There are also surviving works from the 9th–8th-century BCE Assyrian palace of Nimrud. The earliest surviving carpet, the Pazyryk Carpet was discovered in a frozen tomb in Siberia and has been dated between the 6th and 3rd century BCE.

    Ancient Egypt

    [edit]

    Civilization in ancient Egypt began with the clearance and irrigation of land along the banks of the River Nile,[10] which began in about 6000 BCE. By that time, society in the Nile Valley was already engaged in organized agriculture and the construction of large buildings.[11] At this period, Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and also constructing large buildings. Mortar was in use by around 4000 BCE The inhabitants of the Nile Valley and delta were self-sufficient and were raising barley and emmer (an early variety of wheat) and stored it in pits lined with reed mats.[12] They raised cattle, goats and pigs and they wove linens and baskets.[12] Evidence of furniture from the predynastic period is scarce, but samples from First Dynasty tombs indicate an already advanced use of furnishings in the houses of the age.[13]

    During the Dynastic Period, which began in around 3200 BCE, Egyptian art developed significantly, and this included furniture design.[14] Egyptian furniture was primarily constructed using wood, but other materials were sometimes used, such as leather,[15] and pieces were often adorned with gold, silver, ivory and ebony, for decoration.[15] Wood found in Egypt was not suitable for furniture construction, so it had to be imported into the country from other places,[14] particularly Phoenicia.[16] The scarcity of wood necessitated innovation in construction techniques. The use of scarf joints to join two shorter pieces together and form a longer beam was one example of this,[17] as well as construction of veneers in which low quality cheap wood was used as the main building material, with a thin layer of expensive wood on the surface.[18]

    The earliest used seating furniture in the dynastic period was the stool, which was used throughout Egyptian society, from the royal family down to ordinary citizens.[19] Various different designs were used, including stools with four vertical legs, and others with crossed splayed legs; almost all had rectangular seats, however.[19] Examples include the workman's stool, a simple three legged structure with a concave seat, designed for comfort during labour,[20] and the much more ornate folding stool, with crossed folding legs,[21] which were decorated with carved duck heads and ivory,[21] and had hinges made of bronze.[19] Full chairs were much rarer in early Egypt, being limited to only wealthy and high ranking people, and seen as a status symbol; they did not reach ordinary households until the 18th dynasty.[22] Early examples were formed by adding a straight back to a stool, while later chairs had an inclined back.[22] Other furniture types in ancient Egypt include tables, which are heavily represented in art, but almost nonexistent as preserved items – perhaps because they were placed outside tombs rather than within,[23] as well as beds and storage chests.[24][25]

    Ancient Greece

    [edit]
    Three illustrations of ancient Greek chairs, each being notated with a letter: a, b-klismos, and c-chair

    Historical knowledge of Greek furniture is derived from various sources, including literature, terracotta, sculptures, statuettes, and painted vases.[26] Some pieces survive to this day, primarily those constructed from metals, including bronze, or marble.[26] Wood was an important and common material in Greek furniture, both domestic and imported.[26] A common technique was to construct the main sections of the furniture with cheap solid wood, then apply a veneer using an expensive wood, such as maple or ebony.[26] Greek furniture construction also made use of dowels and tenons for joining the wooden parts of a piece together.[26] Wood was shaped by carving, steam treatment, and the lathe, and furniture is known to have been decorated with ivory, tortoise shell, glass, gold or other precious materials.[27]

    The modern word "throne" is derived from the ancient Greek thronos (Greek singular: θρόνος), which was a seat designated for deities or individuals of high status/hierarchy or honor.[28] The colossal chryselephantine statue of Zeus at Olympia, constructed by Phidias and lost in antiquity, featured the god Zeus seated on an elaborate throne, which was decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony and ivory, according to Pausanias.[29] Other Greek seats included the klismos, an elegant Greek chair with a curved backrest and legs whose form was copied by the Romans and is now part of the vocabulary of furniture design,[30] the backless stool (diphros), which existed in most Greek homes,[31] and folding stool.[32] The kline, used from the late seventh century BCE,[33] was a multipurpose piece used as a bed, but also as a sofa and for reclining during meals.[34] It was rectangular and supported on four legs, two of which could be longer than the other, providing support for an armrest or headboard.[35] Mattresses, rugs, and blankets may have been used, but there is no evidence for sheets.[34]

    In general, Greek tables were low and often appear in depictions alongside klinai.[36] The most common type of Greek table had a rectangular top supported on three legs, although numerous configurations exist, including trapezoid and circular.[37] Tables in ancient Greece were used mostly for dining purposes – in depictions of banquets, it appears as though each participant would have used a single table, rather than a collective use of a larger piece.[38] Tables also figured prominently in religious contexts, as indicated in vase paintings, for example, the wine vessel associated with Dionysus, dating to around 450 BCE and now housed at the Art Institute of Chicago.[39] Chests were used for storage of clothes and personal items and were usually rectangular with hinged lids.[37] Chests depicted in terracotta show elaborate patterns and design, including the Greek fret.[34]

    Ancient Rome

    [edit]

    Roman furniture was based heavily on Greek furniture, in style and construction. Rome gradually superseded Greece as the foremost culture of Europe, leading eventually to Greece becoming a province of Rome in 146 BC. Rome thus took over production and distribution of Greek furniture, and the boundary between the two is blurred. The Romans did have some limited innovation outside of Greek influence, and styles distinctly their own.[40]

    Roman furniture was constructed principally using wood, metal and stone, with marble and limestone used for outside furniture. Very little wooden furniture survives intact, but there is evidence that a variety of woods were used, including maple, citron, beech, oak, and holly. Some imported wood such as satinwood was used for decoration. The most commonly used metal was bronze, of which numerous examples have survived, for example, headrests for couches and metal stools. Similar to the Greeks, Romans used tenons, dowels, nails, and glue to join wooden pieces together, and also practised veneering.[40]

    The 1738 and 1748 excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii revealed Roman furniture, preserved in the ashes of the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

    Middle Ages

    [edit]
    Gothic credenza; 1440–1450; walnut and intarsia; 147.3 x 317.5 x 63.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

    In contrast to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, there is comparatively little evidence of furniture from the 5th to the 15th century.[41] Very few extant pieces survive, and evidence in literature is also scarce.[41] It is likely that the style of furniture prevalent in late antiquity persisted throughout the Middle Ages.[41] For example, a throne similar to that of Zeus is depicted in a sixth-century diptych,[41] while the Bayeux tapestry shows Edward the Confessor and Harold seated on seats similar to the Roman sella curulis.[42] The furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented with carved designs.

    The Hellenistic influence upon Byzantine furniture can be seen through the use of acanthus leaves, palmettes, bay and olive leaves as ornaments. Oriental influences manifest through rosettes, arabesques and the geometric stylisation of certain vegetal motifs. Christianity brings symbols in Byzantine ornamentation: the pigeon, fishes, the lamb and vines.[43] The furniture from Byzantine houses and palaces was usually luxurious, highly decorated and finely ornamented. Stone, marble, metal, wood and ivory are used. Surfaces and ornaments are gilded, painted plychrome, plated with sheets of gold, emailed in bright colors, and covered in precious stones. The variety of Byzantine furniture is pretty big: tables with square, rectangle or round top, sumptuous decorated, made of wood sometimes inlaid, with bronze, ivory or silver ornaments; chairs with high backs and with wool blankets or animal furs, with coloured pillows, and then banks and stools; wardrobes were used only for storing books; cloths and valuable objects were kept in chests, with iron locks; the form of beds imitated the Roman ones, but have different designs of legs.[44]

    The main ornament of Gothic furniture and all applied arts is the ogive. The geometric rosette accompanies the ogive many times, having a big variety of forms. Architectural elements are used at furniture, at the beginning with purely decorative reasons, but later as structure elements. Besides the ogive, the main ornaments are: acanthus leaves, ivy, oak leaves, haulms, clovers, fleurs-de-lis, knights with shields, heads with crowns and characters from the Bible. Chests are the main type of Gothic furniture used by the majority of the population. Usually, the locks and escutcheon of chests have also an ornamental scope, being finely made.[45]

    Renaissance

    [edit]

    Along with the other arts, the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century marked a rebirth in design, often inspired by the Greco-Roman tradition. A similar explosion of design, and renaissance of culture in general occurred in Northern Europe, starting in the fifteenth century.

    17th and 18th centuries

    [edit]

    The 17th century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs that frequently incorporated a profusion of vegetal and scrolling ornament. Starting in the eighteenth century, furniture designs began to develop more rapidly. Although there were some styles that belonged primarily to one nation, such as Palladianism in Great Britain or Louis Quinze in French furniture, others, such as the Rococo and Neoclassicism were perpetuated throughout Western Europe.

    During the 18th century, the fashion was set in England by the French art. In the beginning of the century Boulle cabinets were at the peak of their popularity and Louis XIV was reigning in France. In this era, most of the furniture had metal and enamelled decorations in it and some of the furniture was covered in inlays of marbles lapis lazuli, and porphyry and other stones. By mid-century this Baroque style was displaced by the graceful curves, shining ormolu, and intricate marquetry of the Rococo style, which in turn gave way around 1770 to the more severe lines of Neoclassicism, modeled after the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.[52] Creating a mass market for furniture, the distinguished London cabinet maker Thomas Chippendale's The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director (1754) is regarded as the "first comprehensive trade catalogue of its kind".[53]

    There is something so distinct in the development of taste in French furniture, marked out by the three styles to which the three monarchs have given the name of "Louis Quatorze", "Louis Quinze", and "Louis Seize". This will be evident to anyone who will visit, first the Palace of Versailles, then the Grand Trianon, and afterwards the Petit Trianon.[54]

    19th century

    [edit]
    The Chevy Chase Sideboard by Gerrard Robinson. Often considered to be one of the finest furniture pieces of the 19th century and an icon of Victorian furniture.

    The nineteenth century is usually defined by concurrent revival styles, including Gothic, Neoclassicism, and Rococo. The design reforms of the late century introduced the Aesthetic movement and the Arts and Crafts movement. Art Nouveau was influenced by both of these movements. Shaker-style furniture became popular during this time in North America as well.

    Early North American

    [edit]

    This design was in many ways rooted in necessity and emphasizes both form and materials. Early British Colonial American[vague] chairs and tables are often constructed with turned spindles and chair backs often constructed with steaming to bend the wood. Wood choices tend to be deciduous hardwoods with a particular emphasis on the wood of edible or fruit bearing trees such as cherry or walnut.[citation needed]

    Mid-Century Modern

    [edit]
    Eames Lounge (670) and Ottoman (671) 1956

    The first three-quarters of the 20th century is seen as the march towards Modernism. The furniture designers of Art Deco, De Stijl, Bauhaus, Jugendstil, Wiener Werkstätte, and Vienna Secession all worked to some degree within the Modernist motto.

    Born from the Bauhaus and Streamline Moderne came the post-World War II style "Mid-Century Modern". Mid-Century Modern materials developed during the war including laminated plywood, plastics, and fiberglass. Prime examples include furniture designed by George Nelson Associates, Charles and Ray Eames, Paul McCobb, Florence Knoll, Harry Bertoia, Eero Saarinen, Harvey Probber, Vladimir Kagan and Danish modern designers including Finn Juhl and Arne Jacobsen.

    Postmodernism

    [edit]

    Postmodern design, intersecting the Pop art movement, gained steam in the 1960s and 70s, promoted in the 80s by groups such as the Italy-based Memphis movement. Transitional furniture is intended to fill a place between Traditional and Modern tastes.[citation needed]

    Ecodesign

    [edit]
    Stainless Steel Table with FSC Teca Wood – Brazil Ecodesign

    Great efforts from individuals, governments, and companies has led to the manufacturing of products with higher sustainability known as Ecodesign. This new line of furniture is based on environmentally friendly design. Its use and popularity are increasing each year.[69]

    Contemporary

    [edit]

    Industrialisation, Post-Modernism, and the Internet have allowed furniture design to become more accessible to a wider range of people than ever before. There are many modern styles of furniture design, each with roots in Classical, Modernist, and Post-Modern design and art movements. The growth of Maker Culture across the Western sphere of influence has encouraged higher participation and development of new, more accessible furniture design techniques. One unique outgrowth of this post-modern furniture design trajectory is Live Edge, which incorporates the natural surface of a tree as part of a furniture object, heralding a resurgence of these natural shapes and textures within the home.[1] Additionally, the use of Epoxy Resin has become more prevalent in DIY furniture styles.

    Asian history

    [edit]

    Asian furniture has a quite distinct history. The traditions out of India, China, Korea, Pakistan, Indonesia (Bali and Java) and Japan are some of the best known, but places such as Mongolia, and the countries of South East Asia have unique facets of their own.

    Far Eastern

    [edit]
    Detail of a Chinese moon-gate bed from circa 1876

    The use of uncarved wood and bamboo and the use of heavy lacquers are well known Chinese styles. It is worth noting that Chinese furniture varies dramatically from one dynasty to the next. Chinese ornamentation is highly inspired by paintings, with floral and plant life motifs including bamboo trees, chrysanthemums, waterlilies, irises, magnolias, flowers and branches of cherry, apple, apricot and plum, or elongated bamboo leaves; animal ornaments include lions, bulls, ducks, peacocks, parrots, pheasants, roosters, ibises and butterflies. The dragon is the symbol of earth fertility, and of the power and wisdom of the emperor. Lacquers are mostly populated with princesses, various Chinese people, soldiers, children, ritually and daily scenes. Architectural features tend toward geometric ornaments, like meanders and labyrinths. The interior of a Chinese house was simple and sober. All Chinese furniture is made of wood, usually ebony, teak, or rosewood for heavier furniture (chairs, tables and benches) and bamboo, pine and larch for lighter furniture (stools and small chairs).[70]

    Traditional Japanese furniture is well known for its minimalist style, extensive use of wood, high-quality craftsmanship and reliance on wood grain instead of painting or thick lacquer. Japanese chests are known as Tansu, known for elaborate decorative iron work, and are some of the most sought-after of Japanese antiques. The antiques available generally date back to the Tokugawa and Meiji periods. Both the technique of lacquering and the specific lacquer (resin of Rhus vernicifera) originated in China, but the lacquer tree also grows well in Japan. The recipes of preparation are original to Japan: resin is mixed with wheat flour, clay or pottery powder, turpentine, iron powder or wood coal. In ornamentation, the chrysanthemum, known as kiku, the national flower, is a very popular ornament, including the 16-petal chrysanthemum symbolizing the Emperor. Cherry and apple flowers are used for decorating screens, vases and shōji. Common animal ornaments include dragons, carps, cranes, gooses, tigers, horses and monkeys; representations of architecture such as houses, pavilions, towers, torii gates, bridges and temples are also common. The furniture of a Japanese house consists of tables, shelves, wardrobes, small holders for flowers, bonsais or for bonkei, boxes, lanterns with wooden frames and translucent paper, neck and elbow holders, and jardinieres.[71]

    Types

    [edit]

    For sitting

    [edit]

    Seating is amongst the oldest known furniture types, and authors including Encyclopædia Britannica regard it as the most important.[2] In addition to the functional design, seating has had an important decorative element from ancient times to the present day. This includes carved and sculpted pieces intended as works of art, as well as the styling of seats to indicate social importance, with senior figures or leaders granted the use of specially designed seats.[2]

    The simplest form of seat is the chair,[72] which is a piece of furniture designed to allow a single person to sit down, which has a back and legs, as well as a platform for sitting.[73] Chairs often feature cushions made from various fabrics.[74]

    Types of wood used

    [edit]
    Making of log furniture: cutting a bar stool from a piece of log

    All different types of woods have unique signature marks that can help in easy identification of the type. Hardwood and softwood are the two main categories for wood. Both hardwoods and softwoods are used in furniture manufacturing, and each has its own specific uses. Deciduous trees, which have broad leaves that change color periodically throughout the year, are the source of hardwood. Coniferous trees, also known as cone-bearing trees, have small leaves or needles that stay on the tree throughout the year.[75][76] Common softwoods used include pine, redwood and yew. Higher quality furniture tends to be made out of hardwood, including oak, maple, mahogany, teak, walnut, cherry and birch. Highest quality wood will have been air dried to rid it of its moisture.[77]

    Cherry

    [edit]

    A popular furniture hardwood is American black cherry. Cherry is a light reddish brown to brown color that intensifies into a rich color as it ages, and grows mostly in the eastern United States. Cherry has a tighter grain than birch and is softer. Much cherry lumber is narrow, and it has been utilized to make many lovely classic furniture pieces.[75]

    Birch

    [edit]

    Birch is a sturdy, durable, even-textured hardwood that is common in the United States and Canada. The wood appears white or creamy yellow to light brown with a crimson tinge in its natural state. Birch is frequently stained to complement other types of wood in furniture. Birch is used to make a lot of transparent, cabinet-grade plywood because it absorbs stain well and finishes beautifully. Birch is frequently used to construct interior doors and cupboards in addition to furniture.[75]

    Restoration of furniture

    [edit]

    Restoring a piece of furniture may imply attempting to repair and revive the original finish in some way. More often than not, this entails removing the existing treatment and preparing the raw wood for a new finish. Methods for repair depend on what kind of wood it is: solid or veneered, hardwood or softwood, open grained or closed grained. These variables can sometimes decide if a piece of furniture is worth repairing, as well as the type of repairs and finish it will require if it is restored. The 3 methods of restoring furniture are rejuvenate, repair, and refinish.

    Rejuvenate The piece can easily be restored by just cleaning and waxing the surface while preserving the current finish. It works on wooden furniture that is still in good shape and is the simplest way to clean it.

    Repair This process can fix dents and cracks by touching up some worn-out areas without removing the surface with this technique, the finish can be maintained while repairing the object with specialized products.

    Refinish Remove anything that is left for example any paint with a finish-stripper product or lightly sanding the area down and then applying wood finish like oil wax in order to protect the secure the wood.[75]

    Cleaning Remove dirt, dust, and grime from the furniture using a mild soap or specialized furniture cleaner.

    Standards for design, functionality and safety

    [edit]
    Installment by L. Gargantini for the Bolzano fair, 1957. Photo by Paolo Monti (Fondo Paolo Monti, BEIC).
    • EN 527 Office furnitureWork tables and desks: This European standard specifies requirements and test methods for office work tables and desks, ensuring their functionality and safety.
    • EN 1335 Office furnitureOffice work chair: This European standard sets requirements for office chairs, focusing on ergonomics and comfort to promote user well-being and productivity.
    • ANSI/BIFMA X 5.1 Office Seating: This American National Standard, published by the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA), provides requirements for the performance and durability of office seating.
    • DIN 4551 Office furniture; revolving office chair: This German standard covers revolving office chairs with adjustable backrests, armrests, and height, ensuring their quality and safety.
    • EN 581 Outdoor furniture – Seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use: This European standard specifies the requirements for outdoor seating and tables used in various settings, including camping and domestic use.
    • EN 1728:2014 Furniture – Seating – Test methods for the determination of strength and durability: This European standard outlines test methods to assess the strength and durability of seating furniture, last updated in 2014.
    • EN 1730:2012 Furniture – Test methods for the determination of stability, strength, and durability: This European standard provides test methods to evaluate the stability, strength, and durability of various types of furniture.
    • BS 4875 Furniture. Strength and stability of furniture: This British Standard focuses on determining the stability of non-domestic storage furniture, helping ensure its safety and reliability.
    • EN 747 Furniture – Bunk beds and high beds – Test methods for the determination of stability, strength, and durability: This European standard sets test methods to assess the stability, strength, and durability of bunk beds and high beds.
    • EN 13150 Workbenches for laboratories – Safety requirements and test methods: This European standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for laboratory workbenches to ensure safe working conditions.
    • EN 1729 Educational furniture, chairs, and tables for educational institutions: This European standard outlines requirements for educational furniture, including chairs and tables, to support comfort and ergonomics in educational settings.
    • RAL-GZ 430 Furniture standard from Germany: RAL is a German standardization organization, and RAL-GZ 430 provides guidelines and standards for various types of furniture in Germany.
    • NEN 1812 Furniture standard from the Netherlands: NEN is the Dutch Institute for Standardization, and NEN 1812 sets standards for furniture in the Netherlands.
    • GB 28007-2011 Children's furniture – General technical requirements for children's furniture: This Chinese standard specifies technical requirements for children's furniture designed and manufactured for children aged 3 to 14.
    • BS 5852: 2006 Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating: This British Standard outlines test methods to assess the ignitability of upholstered seating, both by smoldering and flaming ignition sources.
    • BS 7176: This British Standard specifies requirements for the resistance to ignition of upholstered furniture used in non-domestic settings through composite testing. These standards help ensure the quality, safety, and performance of various types of furniture in different regions and applications. Manufacturers and consumers often use these standards as guidelines to meet specific requirements and ensure product reliability.

    See also

    [edit]

    Notes

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b Gray, Channing. "Haute and cool: Fine Furnishings show branches out in 10th year with a bigger spread of classic and cutting-edge pieces". The Providence Journal.
    2. ^ a b c "Furniture". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
    3. ^ "English Translation of "fournir"". Collins French-English Dictionary.
    4. ^ "English Translation of "fourniture"". Collins French-English Dictionary.
    5. ^ Weekley 2013, pp. 609–610.
    6. ^ Solodow 2010, p. 146.
    7. ^ a b c Smardzewski 2015, p. 4.
    8. ^ Smardzewski 2015, p. 1.
    9. ^ a b Smardzewski 2015, p. 2.
    10. ^ Roebuck 1966, p. 51.
    11. ^ Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. (Princeton: University Press, 1992), p. 6.
    12. ^ a b Roebuck 1966, p. 52.
    13. ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art 1999, p. 117.
    14. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 1.
    15. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 14.
    16. ^ Gadalla 2007, p. 243.
    17. ^ Smardzewski 2015, pp. 13–14.
    18. ^ Smardzewski 2015, p. 14.
    19. ^ a b c Blakemore 2006, p. 15.
    20. ^ Litchfield 2011, p. 6.
    21. ^ a b Litchfield 2011, pp. 6–7.
    22. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 17.
    23. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 21.
    24. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 22.
    25. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 24.
    26. ^ a b c d e Blakemore 2006, p. 39.
    27. ^ Richter 1966, p. 125.
    28. ^ Richter 1966, p. 13.
    29. ^ Richter 1966, pp. 14, NH 5.11.2ff.
    30. ^ Linda Maria Gigante, "Funerary Art," in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Vol. 1, ed. Michael Gagarin and Elaine Fantham (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 246.
    31. ^ Guhl, E.; Koner, W. (1989). Everyday Life in Greek and Roman Times. New York: Crescent. p. 133.
    32. ^ Wanscher 1980, p. 83.
    33. ^ Simpson, 253.[full citation needed]
    34. ^ a b c Blakemore 2006, p. 43.
    35. ^ Andrianou, 36.[full citation needed]
    36. ^ Richter 1966, p. 63.
    37. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 42.
    38. ^ Richter 1966, p. 66.
    39. ^ Chicago Painter. "Stamnos (Mixing Jar)". Art Institute of Chicago.
    40. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 61.
    41. ^ a b c d Lucie-Smith 1979, p. 33.
    42. ^ Lucie-Smith 1979, p. 35.
    43. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 172.
    44. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 174.
    45. ^ Bucătaru 1991, pp. 206, 207, 209, 210 & 211.
    46. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    47. ^ Vazaca, Marina (1999). Muzeul Național de Artă al României Ghidul Colecțiilor (in Romanian). Muzeul Național de Artă al României. p. 70. ISBN 2-7118-3840-4.
    48. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    49. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    50. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    51. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    52. ^ unknown (18 September 2013) [before 1923]. A history of feminine fashion. Nabu Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-289-62694-5.
    53. ^ Houghton Mifflin Company (2003). The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 317. ISBN 978-0618252107.
    54. ^ Litchfield 2011, p. 211.
    55. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    56. ^ "Pier Table". The Art Institute of Chicago.
    57. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    58. ^ Bailey 2012, p. 287.
    59. ^ "Slant-Front Desk". The Art Institute of Chicago.
    60. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    61. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    62. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    63. ^ a b Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
    64. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
    65. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
    66. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
    67. ^ "Desk". philamuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
    68. ^ "Paris et l'Art Nouveau". Nº281 Dossier de l'Art (in French). Éditions Faton. 2020.
    69. ^ "Ecodesign Report – The Results of a survey Amongst Australian Industrial Design Consultancies". Big's Furniture. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
    70. ^ Bucătaru 1991, pp. 152, 153, 154 & 156.
    71. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 164, 165 & 166.
    72. ^ "Physique of office chair". Foss Alborg. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
    73. ^ "Definition of CHAIR". www.merriam-webster.com. 3 June 2023.
    74. ^ Jefferys, Chris (2006). Soft Furnishings. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84330-903-1 – via Google Books.
    75. ^ a b c d Hingley, Brian D. (2021). Ultimate guide to furniture repair & refinishing : restore, rebuild, and renew wooden furniture. Fox Chapel Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-58011-843-9. OCLC 1273413610.
    76. ^ "Types of Wood". Hoove Designs. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
    77. ^ Abbas, Abe. "Judge Quality in Wood Furniture". About.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

    References

    [edit]
    [edit]



    Mover or movers may refer to:

    Persons with the surname

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    Frequently Asked Questions

    BBX Moving offers eco-friendly moving options to lessen the environmental impact. They provide reusable packing materials and efficient logistics planning to reduce carbon emissions, demonstrating their commitment to sustainability during relocations.

    BBX Moving offers storage solutions for customers whose new homes aren't ready for move-in. They've got secure facilities to keep belongings safe until you're ready to settle into your new place.

    BBX Moving employees undergo rigorous training programs focusing on safe packing, efficient loading, and customer service to ensure high-quality moving services. They're trained in handling delicate items and efficient transportation techniques for a smooth move.