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Whether you're battling fine lines, acne, or dullness, our expert team is here to help. Remember, at Manhas Health Co., your personalized aesthetic care is our priority. You can also call their dedicated appointment line. Learn more about Botox Clinic New Westminster here. Learn more about Anti-Aging Botox New Westminster here Whether you're battling hair loss or seeking to enhance your skin's health from within, PRP offers a compelling, science-backed method for rejuvenation.
PRP hair restoration, on the other hand, is well-tolerated, with the primary concern being the injection site. Sunburned or tanned skin can negatively affect the procedure's effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects. After exploring the range of anti-aging treatments, it's crucial to understand how personalized skincare regimens can further enhance your skin's health and appearance.
This is your body's natural response to the collagen stimulation, leading to a more youthful and radiant appearance. This not only gets rid of dead skin cells but also helps in minimizing the appearance of fine lines, acne scars, and uneven skin tone. We're committed to providing a welcoming, pressure-free environment, where you can explore the possibilities at your own pace.
Instead, your plan will adapt as you progress, reflecting changes in your body and goals. The clinic's atmosphere is meticulously crafted to promote a sense of calm and relaxation. Non-surgical options are emerging as game-changers, offering results without the downtime or risks associated with surgery.



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You won't have to worry about downtime either. You're essentially using your body's own healing mechanisms to revitalize your scalp and enhance hair growth, making it a holistic approach to combating hair loss. Hydrated skin responds better to Morpheus 8, facilitating a smoother process and aiding in recovery. These sessions allow your healthcare provider to monitor your healing and address any concerns promptly. A good specialist will ensure you have a realistic understanding of what the treatments can achieve.

You'll meet with one of our expert practitioners who'll review your questionnaire, discuss your concerns, and outline potential treatment options. While we've explored the skin rejuvenation benefits of Morpheus 8, it's also worth noting that PRP hair restoration offers a promising solution for those experiencing hair loss. If you've noticed fine lines, wrinkles, or a slight loss of elasticity in your skin, you might be an ideal candidate.

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We provide tailored aftercare advice to help you maintain and prolong the benefits of your procedures. Customized Botox treatments New Westminster

They're not just about enhancing your physical appearance; they're equally focused on uplifting the community's wellbeing. There's no downtime, allowing you to resume your daily activities immediately. Their team of skilled professionals is constantly updating their knowledge and skills to ensure you receive the best possible care. Botox for lip enhancement New Westminster And the best part?

If you tick these boxes, Advanced Forma Face Sculpting could be your gateway to rejuvenation. This reduces the risk of complications and enhances healing. Always disclose your medical history and current medications during your consultation to further safeguard your health. They're here to guide you through every step of the process, ensuring you're comfortable, informed, and excited about your journey.

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New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Mundy Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Mundy Park, 641 Hillcrest St, Coquitlam, BC V3J 6N9
178 acres of forest habitat with 2 lakes, sports facilities, disc golf & an outdoor pool.

Port Moody Station Museum

Tourist attraction, Entertainer, Historical landmark, History museum, Local history museum
Port Moody Station Museum, 2734 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Small destination offering local history exhibits & programs in a 1908 train station.

Rocky Point Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Rocky Point Park, 2800 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Waterfront recreation area with a pier, pool, skate park, restaurant, playground & boat ramp.

Shoreline Trail

Tourist attraction, City park, Hiking area
Shoreline Trail, 2934 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
This walking trail along the Burrard Inlet offers sweeping views & allows leashed dogs.

Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park, 7751 Fraser Park Dr, Burnaby, BC V5J 5L8
Riverfront park with outdoor gym equipment, dog area, picnic spots & a playground.

Hawthorne Rotary Park

Whalley
Tourist attraction, Park
Hawthorne Rotary Park, 10513 144 St, Surrey, BC V3T 4V4
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Tourist attraction, Historical landmark
Glenlyon Foreshore Outlook, 9186 Glenlyon Pkwy, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8

World Police and Fire Games decoration

Metrotown
Tourist attraction
World Police and Fire Games decoration, 3789 BC-99A, Burnaby, BC V5H 1Y4

Citations and other links

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It's also incredibly versatile, catering to a range of skin concerns beyond aging, such as sagging skin and undefined facial contours. You're encouraged to ask questions at any point, as we believe clear communication is key to achieving the best results. But your journey doesn't end there. Delving into the core of its functionality, the technology powering Evolve-X harnesses a trio of advanced techniques to sculpt your body with precision and care. For body contouring, we've got you covered with cryolipolysis and ultrasound cavitation.

Our experts listen closely, crafting a plan that mirrors your aspirations while guiding you through each step. You're not just working on surface-level problems; you're enhancing your skin's health from within. Neuromodulators New Westminster Imagine walking out with a refreshed, more youthful appearance that feels as natural as it looks. Firstly, you'll be settled comfortably in a treatment room, where your skin's specific needs are reassessed.

While we're on the subject of enhancing your appearance, let's explore how our laser hair removal services can offer you smooth, hair-free skin. Professional Botox services New Westminster They're perfect for those looking to refresh their appearance with virtually no recovery period. It's designed for those frustrating areas that don't seem to respond to diet and exercise alone. Dermal fillers New Westminster For your hair, especially after PRP treatment, switch to sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners.

As you consider embarking on this journey to rejuvenate your skin, understanding the process, preparing for your procedure, and following post-treatment care tips are crucial steps. Let's help you find the best payment option that suits your needs, so you can focus on looking and feeling your best. This innovative technique uses focused light beams to treat various skin concerns, such as wrinkles, scars, and hyperpigmentation, ensuring you get the most precise and effective results. Whether you're looking for advanced skin treatments, innovative anti-aging solutions, or body sculpting options, they've got you covered.

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You're probably wondering if these treatments are right for you. Whether you're curious about the latest in non-invasive treatments or seeking a more profound change, the next steps will unveil how Manhas Health Co. stands apart in the realm of aesthetic enhancement. The versatility of laser therapy means that treatments can be customized to suit your specific needs, ensuring you get the best possible outcomes. We understand that deciding on a treatment can be daunting. You'll notice your skin becoming firmer, smoother, and more youthful-looking.

Secondly, our specialists aren't only experts in their field but also trained to prioritize patient care above all. Chin Botox New Westminster That's why we've implemented a comprehensive approach to ensure your experience isn't just transformative but also secure and soothing. You're tapping into a world of aesthetic and therapeutic advantages that can transform your appearance and well-being.

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Clients have shared their stories, detailing not only the physical changes but the boost in confidence they've experienced.

Choosing Evolve-X at Manhas Health Co isn't just about changing how you look; it's about embracing a healthier, more confident you. Sarah's journey began with apprehension, but after her personalized skincare regimen, she's now brimming with confidence, showcasing a radiant complexion that mirrors her inner vitality. This plan isn't just a one-size-fits-all approach; it's customized to your body's specific requirements, ensuring you get the best possible results. We're not just about surface-level beauty; we aim to enhance your overall quality of life, fostering a positive self-image and well-being that radiates from the inside out.

This part of the treatment is meticulous but relatively quick, depending on the area being treated. Once you're ready, we'll schedule your sessions at times that fit seamlessly into your life. You might experience some tenderness or swelling, but don't worry; this is normal. It's also crucial to stop using any skincare products containing retinoids or other harsh chemicals a week prior, as these can make your skin more sensitive to the treatment.

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Our team is dedicated to guiding you through a transformation that aligns with your unique desires and goals. Our professionals are here to guide you through each step, from the initial consultation to the post-treatment care, ensuring you feel supported and informed. Those with certain medical conditions affecting the skin or immune system may need to explore other options. Botox for non-surgical nose job New Westminster Botox for sagging skin New Westminster You'll see a calendar with available dates and times.

Discover how real clients have transformed their self-esteem and appearance through our tailored aesthetic services. Securing your spot couldn't be easier. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to making confidence-boosting aesthetic services accessible to everyone.

With insights from the experts at Manhas Health, you're about to uncover whether Evolve-X lives up to the hype and how it could mark the beginning of your transformative journey. This holistic approach ensures your skin gets the attention it deserves, both at their clinic and in your daily life. And then there's Alex, who turned to us for body contouring.

This means you're not just another appointment in their day; you're a valued client whose skin care goals are taken seriously. Lastly, discuss any medications you're taking with your provider ahead of time. Lastly, you'll be under the watchful eye of trained professionals throughout your session.

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This detailed evaluation allows us to recommend the most suitable treatments that align with your objectives and lifestyle. When you're tired of the endless cycle of shaving, waxing, or plucking, this procedure stands out as a game-changer. If you have active skin infections, are pregnant, or have certain medical conditions, it mightn't be the right choice for you. Initially, you might notice your skin's texture seems tired, with fine lines, wrinkles, and perhaps a bit of sagging that makes you feel less than your best.

At Manhas Health Co., we understand that achieving your ideal body shape can be challenging through diet and exercise alone. But that's just the start. Take Sarah, for instance, who battled acne scars for years. Botox for scar softening New Westminster

Serums rich in vitamins C and E can help fight free radicals, reducing inflammation and promoting a radiant complexion. Our vision is to lead the way in aesthetic medicine by continually adopting the latest technologies and practices that prioritize your safety and satisfaction. We're committed to offering you a suite of services that cater to long-term beauty and wellness. Botox for nose wrinkles New Westminster

Moreover, these peels promote collagen production, a key protein in your skin that decreases as you age. If you're looking for subtle enhancements and natural-looking results, this treatment could be right up your alley. The system utilizes cutting-edge, non-invasive methods to ensure you're not only getting effective results but are also experiencing a process that's as painless as possible. Botox aftercare New Westminster

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That's why we kick off your body sculpting journey with a comprehensive consultation. Learn more about Anti-Aging Botox New Westminster here The team is dedicated to providing tailored advice and treatments that align with your health and wellness journey. Whether you're looking to slim down, tone up, or both, Evolve-X can be tailored to meet your specific needs. Moreover, the device is designed to automatically adjust the energy delivery if it senses that the skin temperature is too high.
This treatment is particularly effective for acne scars, stretch marks, and overall skin rejuvenation. If you prefer a more personal touch, their friendly customer service team is just a call away, ready to assist you in scheduling your appointment or answering any questions you might've about their services. Certified Botox specialist New Westminster Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, your skin and hair can undergo a transformative rebirth with Morpheus 8 Resurfacing and PRP Hair Restoration in Anti-Aging Botox New Westminster.
Whether you're interested in skincare treatments, body sculpting, or anything in between, we've got you covered. Our expert consultants will listen attentively, ensuring they fully grasp your desires and expectations. Here, you'll find an easy-to-use scheduling tool that allows you to select the date and time that works best for you. Read more about Anti-Aging Botox New Westminster here
Moreover, the cumulative effect of regular sessions can lead to long-term improvements, ensuring that your skin not only looks better now but continues to improve. We're excited to meet you and start this journey toward enhancing your natural beauty. If you're dealing with any pain, over-the-counter pain relief medication can help, but it's best to consult with your provider before taking anything.

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Cosmetic may refer to:

  • Cosmetics, or make-up, substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning
  • Cosmetic, an adjective describing beauty, aesthetics, or appearance, especially concerning the human body
  • Cosmetic, a topical product that is not a drug
  • In-game cosmetics, video game virtual goods that generally offer no competitive advantage

See also

[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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Frequently Asked Questions

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Yes, there are age restrictions and certain health conditions that might disqualify you from Evolve-X treatments. It's best to consult with a professional to determine if you're a suitable candidate based on your specific situation.

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