What is the Typical Duration and Cost of a Botox Session in New Westminster?

What is the Typical Duration and Cost of a Botox Session in New Westminster?

Botox treatment FAQs

Overview of Botox treatment and areas it can address


Oh, the world of Botox! Explore Botox Consultation Appointments in New Westminster, BC here. It's quite the marvel, isn't it? Botox treatment, to put it simply, is like a magic wand for smoothing out those pesky wrinkles and fine lines that seem to sneak up on us (no matter how diligently we care for our skin). But, it's not just about looking a tad younger, no sir! Botox has a bunch of other uses too, like easing migraine headaches, calming excessive sweating, and even helping with muscle spasms.


Now, if you're pondering over how long a typical Botox session would take in New Westminster, you'd be surprised! It's actually pretty quick. Usually, you're in and out within a snap – think 15 to 30 minutes, tops. And the best part? You can go about your day right after, no downtime needed!


But wait, there's a catch (isn't there always?). The cost – ah, that's where things can get a bit tricky. It's not exactly pocket change, you know? The price tag for a Botox session could range quite a bit, depending on how many areas you're treating and the clinic you choose. You might be looking at a few hundred dollars, give or take. It's definitely an investment, but hey, for that smooth, furrow-free brow? Many would say it's worth it!


One thing's for sure, though – you won't be needing to come back every week! Botox results can last anywhere from 3 to 6 months. So, not too shabby, right?


In conclusion, while the cost and duration of a Botox session in New Westminster could vary, the overall consensus is that it's a fairly quick process with lasting results. Just remember to check those credentials of the clinic you choose (you don't want to mess around with this stuff), and you'll be all set. And hey, when you catch a glimpse of your rejuvenated reflection, you might just let out an excited, "Wow!" – wrinkles, be gone!

Factors influencing the duration of a Botox session


When you're considering getting Botox in New Westminster, it's pretty normal to wonder about how long the session will take and, of course, what it's gonna cost you. Now, the duration of a Botox appointment - well, that's not set in stone, you see.

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  11. Botox treatments
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It can vary quite a bit, depending on a bunch of factors.


First off, let's talk about the practitioner's experience.

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If they've been doing this for years, chances are they can zip through the procedure faster than someone who's still getting the hang of it (no offense to the newbies out there!). But hey, don't rush 'em - accuracy is key!


Then there's your own face (yes, your beautiful face!). The number of areas you're aiming to treat plays a big role. Just a few forehead lines?

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That might be a quick in-and-out. But if you're looking to smooth out crow's feet, forehead lines, and say, some smile lines, that'll take a bit longer (obviously!).


Ah, and let's not forget the consultation part.

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If it's your first time, there'll be a chat about what you want, what to expect, and any risks or side effects. This can add some time before the actual injections happen.


Now, onto the cost. It's not gonna be the same everywhere you go (that'd be too easy, right?). Different clinics have different rates, and in New Westminster, you might see prices ranging from, say, a couple hundred bucks to several hundred per session. The price per unit of Botox, the number of units needed, and the clinic's prestige can all jack up the price.


So, in a nutshell, a Botox session could be as quick as 15 minutes or stretch up to an hour if there's a lot to cover (and if you're not in a hurry, that's totally fine!). And the cost? Well, you'll need to budget for it, but remember - you're investing in your confidence (and those pesky lines won't know what hit 'em!).


Oh, and one more thing – don't go thinking that the quickest or cheapest option is the best. Sometimes, it's worth it to take your time and spend a bit more to make sure you're getting top-notch treatment. Safety first, alright!

Average time frame for a typical Botox appointment


Oh, when it comes to getting Botox in New Westminster, you'd be surprised how quick the process actually is! On average, a typical Botox appointment is kinda like a lunch break affair, it won't take more than 30 to 60 minutes – tops! Now, that's fast, right?


First thing's first, you don't just walk in and get poked with needles, no sir. There's usually a brief consultation with the doctor or the aesthetician. They'll want to chat about your concerns, your medical history, and what you're hopin' to achieve with the treatment. New Westminster Botox reviews This part's crucial, though it doesn't drag on for ages.


Once that's outta the way, the actual injection part is a breeze! Botox for stress lines It's like, in and out. You might spend, say, 10 to 15 minutes (give or take), depending on how many areas you're getting done. And the best part? There's no downtime! You can bounce back to your daily routine right after, although the doc might advise against certain activities just to be on the safe side.


Now, let's talk turkey – or should I say money? The cost, well, that's a bit more complex.

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It ain't just one price fits all. The cost varies widely depending on how many units you need, the areas treated, and the practitioner's experience. But hey, you're probably looking at a few hundred bucks at least.

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It ain't cheap, but for many, the results are worth every penny!


Remember though, results don't show up instantly. It usually takes a couple of days to start seeing the magic happen, and the full effect might not be evident 'til about two weeks later. Botox in New Westminster reviews And here's the kicker – it's not permanent! You'll need to swing by for touch-ups every 3 to 6 months if you wanna keep those pesky lines at bay.


So, in a nutshell (or should I say syringe?), popping in for a Botox session in New Westminster is a quick, albeit not-so-cheap, way to smooth out those wrinkles. It's fast, fairly straightforward, and hey, it could be just the pick-me-up your confidence needed!

Cost determinants for Botox treatments in New Westminster


Oh! When it comes to Botox treatments in New Westminster, a variety of factors can play a role in determining the overall cost. Firstly, the experience and reputation of the practitioner are significant. You know, a highly skilled professional with a solid track record (you don't want to mess with your face, right?) might charge more than someone just starting out.


Then there's the amount of Botox used during the session. It's kinda logical, but the more units you require for your treatment, the higher the cost will be. Some areas of the face, like those stubborn forehead lines or crow's feet, may need more Botox to achieve the desired effect.


Location is another factor that can affect the price. New Westminster, being part of the Greater Vancouver area, might have varying prices compared to more rural locations. You'd expect that, wouldn't you? Botox for forehead wrinkles It's all about the demand and the cost of living in the area.


Clinics might also have different pricing strategies. Some offer package deals or membership options, which can reduce the price per session (that's a sweet deal if you plan on getting regular treatments). On the flip side, some clinics charge a flat rate regardless of the number of units used, which can be less economical if you only need a small amount of Botox.


As for the duration of a Botox session, it's generally pretty quick! Most appointments last anywhere from 15 to 30 minutes – you're in and out before you know it! The actual treatment might take just a few minutes, with the rest of the time spent on consultation and prep.


So, the cost of a Botox session in New Westminster ain't something that's set in stone.

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It depends (and quite a lot) on personal needs, the clinic's offerings, and market rates. Botox therapy New Westminster You've gotta do your homework, maybe even chat with a few clinics to get the best bang for your buck!

Average pricing for Botox injections in the region


Ah, so you're curious about the typical duration and cost for a Botox session right here in New Westminster, eh?

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  12. Cosmetic injections
  13. New Westminster aesthetics
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  15. Botox injectors New Westminster
  16. Professional Botox services
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Well, let's dive in (though, bear with me, I might slip a bit with my grammar – nobody's perfect, after all).


First off, let's talk about how long a Botox appointment usually takes. It's pretty quick! Generally, you're looking at about 15 to 20 minutes – that's less time than it takes to grab lunch. Of course, this depends on how many areas you're getting treated; it could be a tad longer if you're going for a full-on forehead, crow's feet, and frown lines combo.


Now, hold your horses – we can't forget about the moolah part! Botox for facial harmony The average pricing for Botox injections around these parts tends to vary. You're not gonna find a one-size-fits-all price tag. It's like, you walk into different clinics, and each one's got their own numbers. But hey, let's talk ballpark figures.


You might be looking at something around $10 to $15 per unit of Botox. And since a typical session might use around 20 to 60 units (depending on what you're going for), you do the math. It could be anywhere from a couple hundred bucks to several hundred. It ain't exactly chump change, but it's the price for keeping those wrinkles at bay!


Don't forget, though, every clinic's got its own vibe and pricing strategy. Botox for men Some might offer package deals or promotions (score!), while others might stick to a standard rate card. It's all about shopping around, asking questions, and finding the best fit for your wallet and your face.


And remember, just 'cause something's cheaper, it doesn't mean it's better. Botox for under-eye wrinkles You're dealing with your face here; you don't want to skimp and end up looking like you're permanently surprised – unless that's the look you're going for!


So, to wrap this up (I know, I'm gabbing a bit too much), the duration is quick, the pricing – well, it's not exactly cheap, but it's not always bank-breaking. And always, always make sure you're trusting your precious visage to a certified pro. Safety first, am I right?!


In the end, getting Botox in New Westminster is about as straightforward as it gets – just make sure to do your homework (and maybe save up a bit before taking the plunge!).

Tips on finding a reputable provider to ensure quality and fair pricing


Ah, Botox! It's become pretty darn popular for those lookin' to smooth out a wrinkle or two (or more, who's counting, right?). Now, if you're from around New Westminster and you're thinkin' about getting a bit of this magic youth juice injected, you gotta be smart about who you're trustin' with that needle!


First off, don't just jump at the first deal you see! I mean, sure, everyone loves a good bargain, but when it comes to your face, you want someone who's legit. So, here's a tip: look for a provider with a solid rep. Check out reviews online, ask your pals (you know, the ones whose expressions still change), and don't be shy to ask for before-and-after pictures!


Now, as for the nitty-gritty – the typical duration and cost. Typically, a Botox session ain't gonna eat up your day. You're in and out in like, what, half an hour? Maybe a smidge more? And your wallet? Well, it might feel a little lighter afterwards. Costs can vary, but you're probably lookin' at a couple hundred bucks at least.


Remember, if the price seems too good to be true (and it ain't Groupon), it probably ain't the real deal. You don't want no botched Botox job, trust me! And don't even think about those "Botox parties" – unless you fancy getting poked in someone's living room while munchin' on cheese sticks. No, thanks!


So, do your homework, find a provider that's board-certified, and make sure they got experience up the wazoo. And, oh! Don't forget to check that they're using the real deal, FDA-approved stuff. There's no room for knock-offs when it's about your lovely visage.


In conclusion, take your time, do it right, and you'll be flashin' that smooth forehead (or whatever you're sprucing up) without a care in the world. And hey, if all goes well, you'll walk out feelin' like a million bucks – just hopefully, you didn't have to spend that much!

Botox for Wrinkles New Westminster

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New Westminster Botox Wrinkle Treatments

The area now known as New Westminster was originally inhabited by Kwantlen First Nation The discovery of gold in BC and the arrival of gold seekers from the south prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

New Westminster Museum

Tourist attraction, Archive, Museum
New Westminster Museum, 777 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3M 1B6
Small contemporary exhibition of local historical artifacts, records, photos & vehicles.

Fraser River Discovery Centre

Visitor center, Art museum, Children's amusement center, Science museum, Tourist attraction
Fraser River Discovery Centre, 788 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6Z6
Modern museum featuring hands-on educational exhibits about the Fraser River & its history.

Samson V Museum

Tourist attraction, Historical landmark, Historical place museum
Samson V Museum, 880 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6G1

FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ

Tourist attraction
FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ, Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6T8

Charles Rummel Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Charles Rummel Park, 3325 Piper Ave, Burnaby, BC V5A 2A8
Park featuring a playground with a splash area, plus a ball diamond, walking paths & restrooms.


 

Facials may include the use of a facial mask.

A facial is a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam, exfoliation (physical and chemical), extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage. They are normally performed in beauty salons, but are also a common spa treatment. They are used for general skin health as well as for specific skin conditions. Types of facials include European facial,[1] LED light therapy facials, hydrafacials and mini-facials.

Facial mask

[edit]

There are different kinds of masks (e.g., clay, cactus, cucumber) for different purposes: deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores; healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation; brightening, for a gradual illumination of the skin tone. Facial masks also help with anti-aging, acne, crows feet, under eye bags, sagging lids, dark circles, puffiness,[2] and more. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster; others just remain wet. The green face mask is very essential and benefited.

Masks are removed by either rinsing the face with water, wiping off with a damp cloth, or peeling off of the face. Duration for wearing a mask varies with the type of mask, and manufacturer's usage instructions. The time can range from a few minutes to overnight. Those with sensitive skin are advised to first test out the mask on a small portion of the skin, in order to check for any irritations. Some facial masks are not suited to frequent use. A glycolic mask should not be used more frequently than once a month to avoid the risk of burning the skin.

Masks can be found anywhere from drugstores to department stores and can vary in consistency and form. Setting masks include: clay, which is a thicker consistency, and will draw out impurities (and sometimes, natural oils, too) from the pores; a cream, which stays damp to hydrate the skin; sheet-style, in which a paper mask is dampened with liquid to tone and moisturize the skin; and lastly, a hybrid/clay and cream form that includes small beads for removing dead surface skin cells. Non-setting facial masks include warm oil and paraffin wax masks. These different forms are made to suit different skin types (e.g., oily or dry), and different skincare goals or needs (e.g., moisturizing, cleansing, exfoliating). Clay and mud masks suit oily and some "combination" skin types,[3] while cream-based masks tend to suit dry and sensitive skin types. There are also peel-off masks which are used to remove thin layers of dead skin cells and dirt.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Eastern European Beauty Secrets and Skin Care Techniques. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4349-7452-5.
  2. ^ Bioelements. "Do I need a facial? 32 reasons you absolutely need one". Bioelements. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  3. ^ Remedios, Faye (2022-07-01). "The do's and don'ts of mud masks, and why it will be your newest skin obsession". Vogue India. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  4. ^ "What type of face mask is best for my skin type? | Paula's Choice". www.paulaschoice-eu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
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[edit]

 

 

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinÄ“ is a couch or bed and κλινικÏŒς klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clÄ«nicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-KaroliniškÄ—s, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικÏŒς in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, HospodáÅ™ské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. Cambridge Core. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

 

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