Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

Botox For Younger Skin

This personalized approach ensures that we can target just the right areas, with the right amount of Botox, to achieve natural-looking results that enhance your features without altering your natural expressions. Learn more about Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster here However, the true essence of our approach and the breadth of services available is something best appreciated firsthand. Our practitioners aren't only highly skilled but also continually update their knowledge to incorporate the latest advancements in cosmetic treatments. We understand that every individual's skin is unique, which is why we create tailored treatment plans that align with your specific aesthetic goals.
There's no need for any significant downtime or a break from your day-to-day life. From your initial consultation to your post-treatment care, we're here to support you every step of the way. Botox For Younger Skin That's why we take the time to listen and provide detailed answers, ensuring you're fully informed and comfortable before moving forward. Learn more about Botox Treatments In New Westminster here.
We're here to guide you through the simple process of booking your appointment, ensuring a seamless journey towards achieving your cosmetic goals. You can book your appointment directly through our website, where you'll find an easy-to-use booking system. However, we're here to assure you that when administered by our skilled professionals, Botox enhances natural beauty without altering facial expressions.
After your treatment, we'll provide detailed aftercare instructions to help you achieve the best results while minimizing any potential side effects. We don't just stop at facial rejuvenation. Trust us to be your partners in beauty, offering expert advice and unparalleled care throughout your journey.

We'll provide aftercare instructions to maximize the treatment's benefits and minimize any potential side effects, such as minor swelling or bruising at the injection sites. After exploring the various treatment areas for Botox, it's important to highlight that procedures at Manhas Health Co. aren't only effective but also quick and convenient for our clients. The procedure is quick, with minimal discomfort, and there's no downtime, meaning you can get back to your daily routine immediately. Our approach at Manhas Health Co. involves a thorough consultation to understand each client's aesthetic goals. The minimal downtime associated with Botox at Manhas Health Co. means that achieving a refreshed and rejuvenated appearance doesn't have to disrupt your schedule. Botox For Facial Asymmetry

As the hands of time relentlessly march forward, we've found a way to gently coax the clock to pause, if only for a moment. Botox isn't just about looking younger; it's about feeling better in your skin. At Manhas Health Co., we're dedicated to making your cosmetic Botox experience positive and rewarding. Just select the service you're interested in, choose a time that fits your schedule, and you're all set.

Another frequent concern is the fear of an unnatural look. Botox Rejuvenation Our aim is to help you achieve a refreshed, more youthful appearance that still looks like you. For those struggling with bruxism or TMJ disorders, our Botox injections can provide relief by relaxing the jaw muscles, reducing pain and preventing teeth grinding. Our team takes into account not only the areas you wish to enhance but also your medical history and lifestyle.

Our dedication to offering personalized care is unmatched. We understand the importance of maintaining a fresh and natural look without the constant need for reapplication or retreatment. Opting for Botox is a personal decision, one that comes with its fair share of questions and considerations. Having prepared for your Botox session, it's crucial to focus on the aftercare to ensure the best possible results.

Long-Lasting Botox Results New Westminster


New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

Best Botox Treatments In New Westminster


Botox With Dermal Fillers New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

Tourist attraction, Park
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area, 800 Burnaby Mountain Pkwy, Burnaby, BC V5A 1G9
Sprawling natural area with numerous trails, plus carved wooden sculptures popular for sunset snaps.

Annieville Lions Park

Tourist attraction, Park, City park
Annieville Lions Park, 9150 112 St, Delta, BC

Holland Park

Whalley
Tourist attraction, Park, City park
Holland Park, 13428 Old Yale Rd, Surrey, BC V3T 3C7
Public green space equipped with water features, Japanese & Chinese gardens plus sport courts.

Citations and other links

Botox Rejuvenation Wrinkle Relaxer Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

Let's work together to unveil a more radiant, confident you. Don't worry; all your information is kept confidential. One of our clients, Sarah, shared, 'After my sessions at Manhas Health Co., I noticed a significant reduction in my forehead lines. Our licensed practitioners aren't only experts in Cosmetic Botox but also stay at the forefront of the latest trends and techniques in the industry. This means you're getting not only expert care but also the most innovative treatments available.

Following up is an essential part of our service; we'll check in to monitor your progress and make any necessary adjustments to achieve your desired outcome. At our clinic, we prioritize safety and precision. It's incredibly rewarding to hear such positive feedback. Together, we'll unlock the door to a radiant future where you feel empowered to shine in every aspect of your life.

You can pay for your Botox treatment upfront using cash, credit cards, or debit cards. Additionally, Botox treatments are quick and have minimal downtime, making them a convenient option for busy individuals.

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The science behind Botox is as fascinating as the results it delivers. Let's get you set on your journey to looking and feeling your best!

We understand that everyone's skin is unique, which is why we offer personalized consultations. During the procedure, we'll use a very fine needle to inject Botox into the targeted muscles. Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities. Our specialists are skilled in the precise application of Botox to alleviate migraine symptoms, offering an alternative treatment for those who've found little relief elsewhere.

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Botox Facial Sculpting Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

Botox Facial Sculpting Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

Trust us to help you achieve a smoother, more youthful complexion with Botox. Understanding the benefits of Botox treatments lays the groundwork for exploring how we tailor these strategies to meet individual needs and preferences. Botox works by blocking nerve signals in the muscles where it's injected.

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Some clients might experience headaches or flu-like symptoms for a short period post-treatment. It's not permanent, lasting about 3 to 6 months, which means we can adjust treatments as our clients' needs change over time.

We'll provide a detailed consultation to assess your needs and give you a precise quote before proceeding. Recognizing the delicate nature of the eye area, we've adopted techniques that minimize discomfort while maximizing results. We also recommend staying upright for 4 hours post-treatment and postponing any strenuous activities until the next day. And we're always here to answer any questions, providing a level of care and support that's hard to find elsewhere.

It's not just about smoothing wrinkles; it's about enhancing well-being and self-perception. Botox Wrinkle Treatment From preparing for your session to following through with aftercare, we ensure a seamless experience that promises results. Then, we'll walk you through how Botox can address your concerns, what you can expect during and after the treatment, and any potential side effects. We're excited for you to see the difference Manhas Health Co. can make in your life.

Each photo tells a story of renewed confidence and satisfaction, reflecting the high-quality care and personalized approach we're known for at Manhas Health Co.

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At Manhas Health Co., we're more than just a clinic; we're a community dedicated to helping you look and feel your best.

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At Manhas Health Co. in Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster, we're excited to announce that we've added cosmetic Botox to our suite of services, making the pursuit of a youthful appearance easier and more accessible than ever. Moreover, the precision with which Botox must be applied showcases the importance of professional expertise.

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That's why we don't just offer a one-size-fits-all approach. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to ensuring that your cosmetic Botox experience not only meets but also exceeds your expectations. The procedure itself is quick, often completed within minutes, and requires no downtime, making it an ideal choice for our busy clients. It's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that we've mastered at Manhas Health Co., offering tailored solutions to each client's unique needs.

We often think of Botox as a corrective treatment, but it's just as valuable as a proactive one. This treatment works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles that contribute to wrinkles, such as crow's feet, forehead lines, and frown lines, resulting in a smoother, more youthful appearance. We've observed a growing interest in this minimally invasive procedure, not just for its aesthetic benefits but also for the confidence it instills in our clients.

Botox treatments, when administered by the experienced hands at Manhas Health Co., offer a spectrum of benefits, from smoothing out fine lines to preventing deeper wrinkles from taking root.

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We believe in educating our clients about their treatments, ensuring they make informed decisions about their health and beauty. Starting treatments before deep wrinkles have a chance to set in can maintain a youthful appearance for longer and may reduce the need for more invasive procedures down the line.

We use a fine needle to inject Botox into targeted areas, causing minimal discomfort.

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Our team consists of highly trained professionals who not only have a deep understanding of facial aesthetics but also stay updated with the latest techniques and products. Based on this consultation, we'll create a personalized plan that outlines the specific areas to target, ensuring the results look natural and enhance your inherent beauty.

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Botox Wrinkle Relaxing Professionals Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

If you'd prefer a more personal touch, we're just a phone call away. Botox Cosmetic Procedures You'll need to provide some basic information such as your name, contact number, and any specific concerns or areas you'd like to focus on during your Botox treatment. Botox For Lip Wrinkles It's this meticulous approach that guarantees our clients' safety and satisfaction. This ensures that we can tailor our Botox treatments to fit your unique needs perfectly. We've built a reputation for excellence, focusing on personalized care that ensures each client feels heard, valued, and thoroughly understood.
Another advantage is the non-invasive nature of Botox. By the end of your consultation, you'll have a clear understanding of how Botox can enhance your appearance and the peace of mind that you're in expert hands. We consider your facial structure, skin type, and desired outcomes to craft a personalized treatment plan. We're committed to providing treatments that fit seamlessly into our clients' lives, making cosmetic enhancement a practical option for many.
Most common side effects are mild and temporary, including bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection site. It's relatively painless, with most clients describing it as a slight pinch. Side effects, though rare, can occur and include temporary bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection site. I look like me, but refreshed. Read more about Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster here
We understand that every person's beauty goals are unique, and we're committed to helping them achieve those goals with personalized care plans. Non-Surgical Facelifts We'll discuss your medical history, any medications you're taking, and assess your skin to ensure Botox is the right choice for you. We understand the importance of individualized care. We've all seen the dramatic transformations that can come from cosmetic Botox, like our client Sarah, who discovered a newfound confidence after her treatment at Manhas Health Co. in Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster.

Botox Wrinkle Reduction Specialist Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster

We've seen how it can also offer relief from medical conditions like chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and muscle spasms. Our goal isn't just to meet your expectations but to exceed them, providing you with a seamless and gratifying experience from start to finish. First, it's essential to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours before your session. Botox, a wonder drug for many, effectively smooths wrinkles by temporarily paralyzing facial muscles. We're committed to providing a safe, comfortable experience for everyone.
We're committed to providing treatments that not only meet but exceed your expectations. We're here to guide you through the aftercare process and answer any questions, ensuring you're delighted with your rejuvenated skin. Our team at Manhas Health Co.

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is dedicated to transparency. Unlike some cosmetic procedures that require frequent touch-ups, Botox provides a more enduring solution to wrinkles and fine lines, allowing our clients to enjoy their youthful appearance for months at a time.
Their team of experts stands at the forefront of combining medical precision with an artistic touch, ensuring outcomes that enhance rather than alter one's natural beauty. This relaxation of the muscles leads to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. I'm getting compliments about my glow, and honestly, it feels amazing.'These testimonials highlight the transformative power of our Cosmetic Botox services. Our team is committed to providing personalized care that aligns with your unique desires and health objectives.
These testimonials represent just a fraction of the positive feedback we've received. It's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that we've mastered at Manhas Health Co., ensuring our clients receive the best possible care.

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We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and the prospect of a lengthy recovery period can be a significant deterrent. First, we've introduced a targeted Botox treatment specifically for forehead wrinkles, a concern many of our clients have voiced.

Learn more about Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster here
Botox Wrinkle Reduction Specialist Botox For Skin Tightening New Westminster
Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include:

Materials

[edit]
  • Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk
  • Filler (materials), particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties
  • Filler (packaging), a machine designed to fill packaging, usually occurs in food packaging
  • Filler metal, metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering
  • Grain filler, a product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish
  • Injectable filler, a soft tissue filler injected into the skin to help fill in facial wrinkles
  • Star filler, a plastic insert in computer cables which separates wires

Media and entertainment

[edit]
  • Filler (media), in television and other media, material that exists outside the story arc to pad out other material
  • "Filler", song by hardcore punk band Minor Threat, from their debut E.P.

Other uses

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Driving Directions in Metro Vancouver


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