Botox Promotions New Westminster

Botox Promotions New Westminster

Botox Consultation

Embracing Botox as a preventative measure can be a smart part of a comprehensive skincare regimen. Botox Results Firstly, we've made scheduling your visit with us as straightforward as possible. Learn more about Botox Treatments In New Westminster here. Our team is committed to offering personalized care that aligns with your beauty goals. We're committed to ensuring our clients at Manhas Health Co. understand both the advantages and the risks. Botox For Younger Looking Skin We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and finding time for cosmetic treatments can sometimes be challenging. Learn more about Botox Promotions New Westminster here
This helps prevent spreading the Botox to unintended muscles. This ensures that every treatment plan we offer is tailored to meet individual needs, maximizing the natural beauty of each client. We're experts at achieving a natural, refreshed look, avoiding the 'frozen' appearance some fear. Botox works by temporarily paralyzing muscles, which smoothens skin and prevents new lines from forming.
By carefully administering Botox in targeted areas, we can significantly reduce sweat production, offering relief and boosted confidence. Our Botox services extend to addressing excessive sweating, a condition known as hyperhidrosis, which can be life-changing for those who've struggled with it. Read more about Botox Promotions New Westminster here At Manhas Health Co., our expertise in delivering high-quality Cosmetic Botox services sets us apart in the wellness industry. Botox Cosmetic Injections John, another satisfied client, mentioned, 'The team at Manhas Health Co. made me feel comfortable from the start.
We also stay updated with the latest industry standards and safety protocols. I look like myself, just more vibrant. Our clients' happiness is our top priority, and we're thrilled to see such positive feedback. At Manhas Health Co., we recognize that every person's skin and aesthetic goals are unique.

Botox Treatment For Acne

Beyond the convenience of minimal downtime, we're proud to highlight that Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co. also offer long-lasting results that our clients love. Hearing how our services have positively impacted their lives truly inspires us. We're always amazed at how a few small injections can make such a significant difference. We're here to guide you through the process, from initial consultation to post-treatment care, ensuring your experience is as comfortable and satisfying as possible. We consider factors like your skin's condition, your age, and your lifestyle to tailor a treatment that's as unique as you are.

Our team of experts isn't only highly trained in the latest Botox techniques but also deeply committed to your safety and satisfaction. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in our skin. Our clients' satisfaction is our top priority, and we go the extra mile to ensure that every visit is a positive experience. Understanding each client's unique needs is the cornerstone of our personalized consultation process at Manhas Health Co.

It's all about creating a comfortable, informed experience that leaves you feeling confident and looking your best. We're also committed to making our treatments accessible. Our team is composed of highly skilled professionals who specialize in cosmetic treatments, ensuring you're in the safest hands.

Botox Promotions New Westminster - Botox For Younger Skin

  1. Botox Treatment For Acne
  2. Fda-Approved Botox
  3. Botox For Tmj
  4. Botox Cosmetic Procedures
  5. Botox Injection Cost
  6. Anti-Aging Botox
  7. Botox For Aging Skin
  8. Botox For Frown Lines
  9. Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  10. Botox For Forehead Lines
  11. Botox For Facial Symmetry
  12. Non-Surgical Facelifts
  13. Botox For Lip Wrinkles
  14. Cosmetic Injectables
  15. Botox For Younger Looking Skin
  16. Botox Lip Flip
  17. Botox For Marionette Lines New Westminster
At its core, Botox works by blocking nerve signals to the muscles, effectively preventing them from contracting and forming wrinkles.

We understand that choosing the right provider is crucial, and we're here to ensure you receive the best possible experience and results. When considering Botox at Manhas Health Co, you'll first undergo a comprehensive consultation to tailor the treatment to your specific needs and expectations. Wrinkles, fine lines, and other age indicators seem to fade, giving the skin a smoother, more youthful appearance. We use only FDA-approved products, and our practitioners are highly trained in administering injections safely.

Safe Botox Procedures New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Botox Promotions New Westminster

The area now known as New Westminster was originally inhabited by Kwantlen First Nation The discovery of gold in BC and the arrival of gold seekers from the south prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land.

Botox Treatment Center New Westminster


Botox Consultations New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Surrey Nature Centre

Tourist attraction, Community center, Park
Surrey Nature Centre, 14225 Green Timbers Way, Surrey, BC V3T 0J2
Environmentally focused facility with nature trails, an arboretum & student educational programs.

Old Orchard Park

Tourist attraction, Recreation center, Park
Old Orchard Park, 630 Alderside Rd, Port Moody, BC V3H 3A5

Cates Park

Tourist attraction, Public beach, Park
Cates Park, 4141 Dollarton Hwy, North Vancouver, BC V7G 1A1
Seaside trails with totem poles alongside tennis courts, playgrounds & a picnic area.

Surrey's Big Canadian Flag

Guildford
Tourist attraction
Surrey's Big Canadian Flag, 15250 104 Ave A, Surrey, BC V3R 6N8

Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh Temple

Tourist attraction, Gurudwara
Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh Temple, 18691 Westminster Hwy, Richmond, BC V6V 1B1

Citations and other links

Botox Facial Wrinkle Therapy Botox Promotions New Westminster

You'll find a comprehensive calendar displaying available slots. We're here to answer any questions you may have and to ensure your recovery is as smooth and swift as possible. At Manhas Health Co., we offer a wide range of Botox services tailored to meet your unique aesthetic goals.

Botox Promotions New Westminster - Botox Lip Flip

  • Botox Treatment For Acne
  • Fda-Approved Botox
  • Botox For Tmj
  • Botox Cosmetic Procedures
  • Botox Injection Cost
  • Anti-Aging Botox
  • Botox For Aging Skin
  • Botox For Frown Lines
  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  • Botox For Forehead Lines
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Non-Surgical Facelifts
  • Botox Results
  • Botox Treatment For Acne
  • Fda-Approved Botox
  • Botox For Tmj
  • Botox Cosmetic Procedures
  • Botox Injection Cost
  • Anti-Aging Botox
  • Botox For Aging Skin
We know that everyone's skin and cosmetic goals differ, which is why we don't take a one-size-fits-all approach. Botox Consultation

These results last around three to four months, after which you can return for a touch-up. That's why we offer customized treatment plans tailored specifically to your goals and concerns. The results were beyond my expectations, and the fine lines around my eyes are almost unnoticeable now.' It's feedback like this that reminds us of the powerful impact our work can have on individuals' lives.

Our team regularly undergoes training to ensure they're at the forefront of safe practice in cosmetic treatments. Botox For Marionette Lines New Westminster We take the time to listen to your concerns, answer your questions, and craft a customized treatment plan that aligns with your goals. Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities, ensuring you can enjoy your rejuvenated appearance with peace of mind.

Without this signal, the muscle doesn't receive the message to contract, leading to a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles. Our journey into the world of personalized Botox strategies isn't just about aesthetic enhancement-it's a testament to the art and science of skincare. These results can last anywhere from three to six months, depending on individual factors like metabolism and the area treated.

Botox Facial Wrinkle Therapy Botox Promotions New Westminster
Botox Non-Surgical Wrinkle Repair Botox Promotions New Westminster

Botox Non-Surgical Wrinkle Repair Botox Promotions New Westminster

These lines fan out from the corners of your eyes and become more pronounced with age. It's common for clients to worry about the safety and side effects of these procedures. We're here to guide you through understanding the full spectrum of benefits that cosmetic Botox offers, including our competitive cost and flexible payment options. Our new services are a testament to our dedication to your satisfaction and well-being. After submitting your details, you'll receive a confirmation email with all the appointment specifics.

Botox Promotions New Westminster - Botox For Marionette Lines New Westminster

  1. Botox For Underarm Sweating
  2. Botox Results
  3. Botox Treatment For Acne
  4. Fda-Approved Botox
  5. Botox For Tmj
  6. Botox Cosmetic Procedures
  7. Botox Injection Cost
  8. Anti-Aging Botox
  9. Botox For Aging Skin
  10. Botox For Frown Lines
  11. Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  12. Botox For Forehead Lines
  13. Botox For Facial Symmetry
  14. Non-Surgical Facelifts
  15. Botox For Marionette Lines New Westminster
  16. Botox Providers In New Westminster
  17. Botox For Underarm Sweating


It's one of the many reasons our clients choose us for their cosmetic needs. These treatments provide a dual benefit: improving quality of life while addressing specific health issues. However, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks and potential side effects. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling your best. Botox Safety

During your consultation, we'll dive into your aesthetic goals, discuss any concerns, and provide a comprehensive overview of what to expect. But remember, patience is key! We're here to help you feel and look your best, providing personalized consultations to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes. But it's not just our expertise and personalized care that set us apart.

We pride ourselves on using only the highest quality Botox, guaranteeing that our clients achieve the natural-looking results they desire. Without these signals, the muscles can't contract, leading to a smoother, softer complexion. Alcohol can increase bruising, so staying clear of it helps minimize any potential side effects. Choosing Botox is a decision we respect and support, providing personalized consultations to address any concerns or questions.

Botox Injections Wrinkle Prevention Botox Promotions New Westminster

Hydrated skin responds better to Botox, and a good skincare regimen ensures that your skin is in the best condition possible. We can't wait to welcome you and embark on this journey together.s the old saying goes, 'beauty is in the eye of the beholder,' but at Manhas Health Co., we believe that feeling good about oneself starts from within. After my treatment at Manhas Health Co., I not only look refreshed but feel a surge of confidence. It's a powerful tool in our wellness services because it directly addresses the concerns many have about aging, without the need for extensive surgery or downtime. We're here to listen and provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision.

We've made the process as simple and hassle-free as possible, ensuring you're on your way to a fresher, more youthful look without any stress. We offer competitive pricing without compromising on quality or safety, making it easier for you to invest in yourself. Botox helps soften these, giving you a fresher, more youthful look. We've gathered impactful testimonials from clients who've seen incredible transformations through our Cosmetic Botox services.

Let's explore how our commitment to excellence and real patient testimonials set us apart, and how you can get started with your treatment. We start by conducting a detailed consultation, where we listen to your desires and assess your facial anatomy. Our team's expertise ensures that doses are precise, targeting only the intended muscles, minimizing risks, and maximizing the beauty of natural-looking results. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling better.

It's not just about enhancing your physical appearance; it's about fostering a sense of well-being and self-assurance that radiates from within.

Botox Promotions New Westminster - Botox For Fine Lines

  • Botox For Younger Looking Skin
  • Botox Lip Flip
  • Botox For Marionette Lines New Westminster
  • Botox Providers In New Westminster
  • Botox For Underarm Sweating
  • Botox Results
  • Botox Treatment For Acne
  • Fda-Approved Botox
  • Botox For Tmj
  • Botox Cosmetic Procedures
  • Botox Injection Cost
  • Anti-Aging Botox
  • Botox For Aging Skin
  • Botox For Frown Lines
  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  • Botox For Forehead Lines
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Non-Surgical Facelifts
  • Botox For Younger Looking Skin
  • Botox Lip Flip
Botox For Forehead Rejuvenation It's essential for us to gather this information to prevent any possible complications and tailor our approach specifically to you. We're here to guide you through every step, ensuring your journey towards a more youthful and vibrant appearance is smooth and fulfilling. We use a fine needle for the injections, making the process as comfortable as possible.

Botox Injections Wrinkle Prevention Botox Promotions New Westminster
Botox For Men Botox Promotions New Westminster
Botox For Men Botox Promotions New Westminster

This reduces the risk of infection and allows us to apply the treatment directly to your skin without any barriers. If you experience any discomfort, a cold pack can be applied to the area, but ensure it's not directly on the skin to avoid irritation. Let's clear this up-most clients report a quick, mild discomfort at most. We're committed to ensuring that your experience is as comfortable and satisfying as possible. After your treatment, we can't stress enough the importance of following our aftercare advice to ensure the best results.

We've thoroughly researched and can assure you that when administered by qualified professionals, Botox is both safe and effective. Instead, we dive deep into understanding your specific concerns, lifestyle, and expectations during our initial consultation. Botox Providers In New Westminster We've also heard worries about the discomfort associated with Botox injections. We often encounter misconceptions about Botox, believing it results in an unnatural appearance.

We take every precaution to minimize risks, starting with a thorough consultation to ensure Botox is suitable for you. Moreover, we pride ourselves on using the latest techniques and highest quality products. At Manhas Health Co., we're experts in administering Botox in key areas to rejuvenate your appearance and boost your confidence. That's why we're thrilled to offer a solution that not only delivers remarkable results but also respects our clients' time. Botox For Younger Skin

We start by examining your skin and discussing your aesthetic goals. One client shared, 'Before Botox, I constantly looked tired, no matter how rested I was. That's where our expertise at Manhas Health Co. comes into play, providing our clients with not just beauty, but confidence in the science behind their choices. Having explored the transformative power of Botox, let's now consider why choosing Manhas Health Co is your best bet for this treatment.

Botox For Tired Eyes Botox Promotions New Westminster

We also offer Botox for hyperhidrosis, a condition characterized by excessive sweating. They've shared how these procedures haven't just rejuvenated their appearance but also boosted their confidence. This simple step helps prevent the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. Our approach is holistic; we don't just look at the area you want to enhance, we consider your overall well-being. We're here to accommodate your schedule and answer any preliminary questions you might've about cosmetic Botox and what it can do for you.
It's about providing care that makes you look and feel your best, without interrupting your life. With Botox treatments, clients often experience a significant boost in self-esteem, as the visible signs of aging are minimized. Instead, we listen to your concerns, assess your facial structure, and recommend treatments that target your specific needs. Our approach to safety isn't a one-size-fits-all; it's as unique as you are.
Having explored the cost and payment options, let's now examine why Manhas Health Co stands out as the premier choice for cosmetic Botox treatments. Our skilled team is passionate about helping you look and feel your best. We understand everyone has a busy schedule, so we've made sure to offer appointments throughout the week, including weekends. Botox For Lip Wrinkles For anyone curious about the transformative potential of Botox and how it could redefine their approach to aging gracefully, the insights from real client testimonials and an in-depth look into the consultation process at Manhas Health Co. might just be the guidance needed to take the next step.
Moreover, we understand that every individual's needs are unique. Botox Specials Understanding that each client's needs and concerns are unique, they take the time to listen, consult, and tailor treatments that best suit individual goals and expectations. It's crucial not to rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. Exploring the possibilities of cosmetic Botox at Manhas Health Co. in Botox Promotions New Westminster is like opening a door to a room filled with the light of understanding on how to gracefully enhance our natural beauty.

Learn more about Botox Promotions New Westminster here
Botox For Tired Eyes Botox Promotions New Westminster
Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

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Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

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Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

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Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

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Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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