Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

OnabotulinumtoxinA

Did you know that over the past decade, the demand for non-surgical cosmetic treatments, including Botox and fillers, has skyrocketed by more than 50%? While many associate Botox with its ability to smooth wrinkles, it's also remarkably effective for other aesthetic and therapeutic purposes. Botulinum toxin E Learn more about Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster here Beyond Botox, Manhas Health Co also specializes in filler solutions, tailored to restore volume and rejuvenate your skin with precision. Botulinum toxin type b These include adjustable lighting and temperature controls, so you can tailor your environment to suit your preferences.
Let's explore why choosing Manhas Health Co could be the turning point in your journey to enhancing your natural beauty, leaving a trail of intrigue for what lies beyond the initial consultation. However, it's vital to consult with a professional to ensure these treatments are suitable for your skin type and aesthetic goals. At Manhas Health Co, you'll find a sanctuary where the secret to reversing time's signature on your complexion lies in the hands of skilled professionals. Learn more about Botox and Filler New Westminster here.
Moreover, Manhas Health Co. emphasizes the importance of an ongoing relationship. Hyaluronic acid fillers are the most popular, known for their ability to hydrate and volumize the skin. This ensures your satisfaction and safety throughout the process, cementing Manhas Health Co. as a leader in personalized aesthetic care in Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster.
Our team consists of certified professionals who've undergone extensive training in administering Botox and fillers. You might experience temporary bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection sites. But that's not all; Botox can also assist in managing an overactive bladder, a condition that affects millions.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulin toxin

  1. Botulinum
  2. Botulinum toxin G
  3. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  4. Type E botulinum toxin
  5. Botulinum toxin type a
  6. Botulinum toxin type F
  7. Botulinus toxin
  8. Botulinum C toxin
  9. Type A botulinum toxin
  10. Bo tox
  11. Neurobloc
  12. Botulinum toxins
  13. Botulinum Toxin
  14. Botulin toxin
  15. Botulinum toxin type b

You'll look refreshed, not transformed. Many clients find that combining Botox with fillers offers a comprehensive approach to achieving a more youthful and balanced appearance. Expert practitioners like those at Manhas Health Co. aren't just familiar with the procedure itself; they understand facial anatomy in-depth. Following these post-treatment care instructions will ensure you get the best possible outcome from your dermal filler treatment.

This precaution helps prevent the product from spreading to unintended areas. You're not just another client to us; you're an individual with distinct desires and concerns. Scheduling your consultation is a breeze.

Their expertise doesn't stop at consultation. You're probably wondering what sets Manhas Health Co apart in the bustling world of aesthetic treatments. It's about more than just the transformative effects of Botox and fillers; it's about how you feel when you look in the mirror. Botulinum toxin B Botulinum F toxin

You're receiving a tailored approach to facial rejuvenation that considers your unique features and aesthetic goals.

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  1. Botulinum
  2. Botulinum toxin G
  3. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  4. Type E botulinum toxin
  5. Botulinum toxin type a
  6. Botulinum toxin type F
  7. Botulinus toxin
  8. Botulinum C toxin
  9. Type A botulinum toxin
  10. Bo tox
  11. Neurobloc
  12. Dysport
  13. Onaclostox
  14. Botulinum toxin E
  15. Botulism toxin
  16. Botulinum F toxin
  17. Botulinum toxin B
  18. LetibotulinumtoxinA
First and foremost, avoid rubbing or massaging the treated areas for at least 24 hours.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Type C1 botulinum toxin

  1. Jeuvea
  2. Botulinum C2 toxin
  3. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  4. Botulinum B toxin
  5. Dysport
  6. Onaclostox
  7. Botulinum toxin E
  8. Botulism toxin
  9. Botulinum F toxin
  10. Botulinum toxin B
  11. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  12. Botulinum toxin D
  13. Botulinum
  14. Botulinum toxin G
  15. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  16. Type E botulinum toxin
  17. Botulinum toxin type a
  18. Botulinum toxin type F
He was initially skeptical about the results but was amazed at the subtle yet transformative effect the treatment had on his overall appearance.

Volume restoration fillers New Westminster

Richard Clement Moody arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, at the head of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, having been hand picked to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific".  Moody "wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness" and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, "styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe  Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland and selected the site and founded the new capital, New Westminster. Moody and the Royal Engineers were trained in settlement and selected the site because of its defensibility: it was farther from the American border than the site of the colony's proclamation, Fort Langley, possessed "great facilities for communication by water, as well as by future great trunk railways into the interior and possessed an excellent port  Moody was also struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood:

Wrinkle reduction New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Glenbrook Ravine Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Glenbrook Ravine Park, 76 Jamieson Ct, New Westminster, BC V3L 5M7
Forested park featuring walking trails through wilderness areas & landscaped spaces.

Queen's Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Queen's Park, 3rd Ave, New Westminster, BC V3M 1V2
All-ages public area with playgrounds, spray park & petting farm plus artificial-turf sports field.

Queens Park Rose Garden

Tourist attraction, Garden
Queens Park Rose Garden, New Westminster, BC

Hume Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Hume Park, 660 E Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3L 3Y2
Charming, amenity-rich community park featuring open green spaces, playing fields, a dog run & more.

Tipperary Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Tipperary Park, 315 Queens Ave, New Westminster, BC V3L 1K1
Plant-filled picnic & recreational area at City Hall with ponds, public art & tennis courts.


Citations and other links

Facial revitalization Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for a provider that combines expertise, innovation, and a personalized approach to care. The precision with which his treatment was administered, coupled with his diligent adherence to aftercare, culminated in a more youthful, vibrant appearance that exceeded his expectations. Botulin toxin Lastly, safety is a top concern. Manhas Health Co. prides itself on being accommodating, so you're sure to find a slot that works for you.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum toxin B

  1. Botulinum F toxin
  2. Botulinum toxin B
  3. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  4. Botulinum toxin D
  5. Botulinum
  6. Botulinum toxin G
  7. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  8. Type E botulinum toxin
  9. Botulinum toxin type a
  10. Botulinum toxin type F
  11. Botulinus toxin
  12. Botulinum C toxin
  13. Type A botulinum toxin
  14. Bo tox
  15. Neurobloc
  16. Botulinum toxin type A


The actual procedure is quick, often taking only a few minutes, with minimal discomfort.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Onaclostox

  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum C toxin
  • Type A botulinum toxin
  • Bo tox
  • Neurobloc
  • Botulin toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • Jeuvea
  • Botulinum C2 toxin
  • Type C1 botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum B toxin
  • Dysport
  • Onaclostox
  • Botulinum toxin E
  • Botulism toxin
  • Botulinum F toxin
  • Botulinum toxin B
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
Furthermore, we're always here to listen and respond to any concerns you may have before, during, or after your treatment. If you're curious about how these treatments could benefit you and want to understand the distinction between Botox and fillers, the significance of a customized care plan, and what client journeys might look like, including safety measures and how to book your consultation, you're in the right place.

This step is crucial because it ensures that the treatment highlights your natural beauty while addressing specific concerns. Another frequent concern is the fear of looking 'overdone.' At Manhas Health Co., we prioritize a natural-looking enhancement. You're likely a good fit if you're in good general health, have realistic expectations, and are committed to maintaining your skin's health.

After your treatment, it's vital to follow specific guidelines to ensure the best outcome. When injected, it blocks the nerve signals that cause muscles to contract, smoothing out wrinkles and preventing new ones from forming. When you choose them for your botox and filler needs, you're choosing a clinic that prioritizes your wellbeing and satisfaction above all else.



Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum B toxin

  1. Type E botulinum toxin
  2. Botulinum toxin type a
  3. Botulinum toxin type F
  4. Botulinus toxin
  5. Botulinum C toxin
  6. Type A botulinum toxin
  7. Bo tox
  8. Neurobloc
  9. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  10. Botulinum B toxin
  11. Dysport
  12. Onaclostox
  13. Botulinum toxin E
  14. Botulism toxin
  15. Botulinum F toxin
  16. Botulinum toxin B
  17. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  18. Botulinum toxin D
  19. Botulinum
  20. Botulinum toxin G
Facial revitalization Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster
Non-surgical facelift Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

Non-surgical facelift Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

As for safety, Botox has a long history of use and is FDA-approved for cosmetic purposes. This commitment to quality means you can trust the results won't only meet but exceed your expectations. The process was comfortable, the staff was supportive, and the outcome was beyond what they'd hoped for.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum C2 toxin

  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
  • Type E botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulinum toxin type F
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum C toxin
  • Type A botulinum toxin
  • Bo tox
  • Neurobloc
  • Botulinum F toxin
  • Botulinum toxin B
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum toxin D
  • Botulinum
  • Botulinum toxin G
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
At Manhas Health Co., ensuring your safety during Botox and filler treatments is our top priority, adhering to the highest professional standards.
Your own success story might just be the next to inspire others to take the step towards a more confident self.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum B toxin

  • Botulinum toxin D
  • Botulinum
  • Botulinum toxin G
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
  • Type E botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulinum toxin type F
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum C toxin
  • Type A botulinum toxin
  • Bo tox
  • Neurobloc
  • Onaclostox
  • Botulinum toxin E
  • Botulism toxin
  • Botulinum F toxin
  • Botulinum toxin B
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
After learning about the diverse filler options available at Manhas Health Co, it's crucial to consider how a personalized treatment plan can specifically address your unique aesthetic goals. They'll carefully select the right filler to complement your natural features, ensuring results that look and feel authentic.
She came in nervous about her first Botox treatment but left feeling rejuvenated and more confident than ever. Today's the day to embrace a more confident, refreshed version of yourself. OnabotulinumtoxinA Read more about Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster here At Manhas Health Co., the experts use only the highest quality fillers, ensuring your safety and satisfaction.
Moreover, they're committed to follow-up care, ensuring you're delighted with the results. They use the latest techniques to deliver Botox with minimal discomfort and downtime, letting you get back to your life with newfound confidence. They're not just sticking to the basics; they're pioneering in the field, integrating the latest advancements to redefine aesthetic procedures.

Botox appointments Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

We believe in making beauty treatments affordable for everyone. This one-on-one time ensures that we're on the same page and that your treatment plan is as unique as you are.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum Toxin

  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
  • Type E botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulinum toxin type F
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum C toxin
  • Type A botulinum toxin
  • Bo tox
  • Neurobloc
  • Botulinum B toxin
  • Dysport
  • Onaclostox
  • Botulinum toxin E
  • Botulism toxin
  • Botulinum F toxin
  • Botulinum toxin B
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum toxin D
The clinic's location isn't just about practicality; it's also about the experience.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum B toxin

  1. Botulinum F toxin
  2. Botulinum toxin B
  3. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  4. Botulinum toxin D
  5. Botulinum
  6. Botulinum toxin G
  7. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  8. Type E botulinum toxin
  9. Botulinum toxin type a
  10. Botulinum toxin type F
  11. Botulinus toxin
  12. Botulinum C toxin
  13. Type A botulinum toxin
  14. Bo tox
  15. Neurobloc
  16. Botulinum toxin C
When you walk into their clinic, you're not just another appointment on the calendar.

You'll see the magic of fillers in their versatility. Whether it's smoothing out forehead lines or enhancing cheekbones, our approach is subtle yet effective. Don't wait any longer; transform your look today and step into a world where you feel unstoppable.

It's not a one-size-fits-all approach; it's highly customized to ensure that the end result looks natural and complements your overall appearance. They adhere to the highest standards of cleanliness and sterilization, and their staff is continually trained on the latest advancements in medical aesthetics to provide you with the safest, most effective treatments. Unlike Botox, fillers don't affect muscle movement.

That's why we're committed to using only the highest-quality products and the most advanced techniques to ensure you're in safe hands. The team at Manhas Health Co will guide you on the best schedule for these visits, ensuring your results stay fresh and natural-looking. Understanding that everyone's pain threshold and comfort levels vary, we tailor our approach to meet your individual needs.

Botox appointments Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster
Under eye rejuvenation Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster
Under eye rejuvenation Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

You'll sit down with a skilled professional who's eager to understand exactly what you're hoping to achieve with Botox and fillers. We also stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in cosmetic treatments to offer you the best options available. They'll ask about your medical history, any current medications, and your lifestyle habits to ensure the treatments are safe and appropriate for you. Our expert team tailors each treatment to your unique skin needs, ensuring results that not only look natural but feel incredible too. At Manhas Health Co., it's all about crafting a bespoke experience that leaves you looking and feeling your best.

You'll feel confident knowing they're using the latest technology and products to enhance your natural beauty. This dedication to continuous education means you'll benefit from the most advanced and safe practices available. From the moment you walk in, you'll feel the difference. From their meticulous attention to safety standards to their array of services tailored just for you, they stand out as the top choice in the area.

We've also implemented state-of-the-art comfort measures in our treatment rooms. Let's redefine your beauty together. It's all part of our commitment to not just meet, but exceed your expectations for comfort, making each visit to Manhas Health Co. something you can look forward to. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in your skin. Botulinum toxin C

Don't wait to start your journey towards a more youthful and refreshed you.

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  1. Botulinum toxin D
  2. Botulinum
  3. Botulinum toxin G
  4. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  5. Type E botulinum toxin
  6. Botulinum toxin type a
  7. Botulinum toxin type F
  8. Botulinus toxin
  9. Botulinum C toxin
  10. Type A botulinum toxin
  11. Bo tox
  12. Neurobloc
  13. Botulinum toxin E
  14. Botulism toxin
  15. Botulinum F toxin
  16. Botulinum toxin B
  17. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  18. Botulinum toxin D
  19. Botulinum
Their team stays ahead of the curve, continuously training in the latest advancements to ensure you're getting the safest, most effective treatments available. It's crucial to choose a reputable provider like Manhas Health Co. Occasionally, some people report headaches or a feeling of heaviness in the treated areas.

Top aesthetic injectors Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

We're with you at every step, ensuring your experience is comfortable, your care is top-notch, and your outcomes exceed expectations.

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type A

  1. Bo tox
  2. Neurobloc
  3. Botulinum C2 toxin
  4. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  5. Botulinum B toxin
  6. Dysport
  7. Onaclostox
  8. Botulinum toxin E
  9. Botulism toxin
  10. Botulinum F toxin
  11. Botulinum toxin B
  12. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  13. Botulinum toxin D
  14. Botulinum
  15. Botulinum toxin G
  16. Clostridium botulinum toxin
Once you've booked your appointment at Manhas Health Co., you're on the path to not just enhancing your appearance, but significantly boosting your confidence as well. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means opting for a partner who values your health and beauty as much as you do. From the initial comprehensive consultation process to tailored aftercare support, every step is designed with your utmost satisfaction in mind.
Whether it's the application of numbing creams or the gentle, skilled hands of our practitioners, we're committed to minimizing discomfort and making your session as pleasant as possible. You'll find that their clinic adheres to stringent health and safety protocols, guaranteeing that every treatment isn't only effective but also safe. When you're looking to smooth out wrinkles or give your lips that plump look you've always wanted, they've got you covered.
Steer clear of strenuous exercise for 24 to 48 hours to ensure the product settles correctly. You're not just choosing a treatment; you're choosing a team that puts your well-being and satisfaction at the forefront. After booking, you'll receive a confirmation email with all the details of your appointment, including date, time, and any preparation instructions specific to your chosen treatment.
They're used to add volume to areas that have thinned due to aging, such as the cheeks, lips, and around the mouth. This comprehensive evaluation allows them to recommend the most suitable treatments, whether that's Botox, fillers, or a combination of both. They understand that every face is unique, and their expertise lies in enhancing your natural beauty without overdoing it.

Learn more about Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster here

Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster - Botulinum F toxin

  1. RelabotulinumtoxinA
  2. Botulinum toxin C
  3. Type B botulinum toxin
  4. Botulinum toxins
  5. Botulinum Toxin
  6. Botulin toxin
  7. Botulinum toxin type b
  8. Jeuvea
  9. Botulinum C2 toxin
  10. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  11. Botulinum B toxin
  12. Dysport
  13. Onaclostox
  14. Botulinum toxin E
  15. Botulism toxin
Top aesthetic injectors Affordable dermal fillers New Westminster

Cosmetic may refer to:

  • Cosmetics, or make-up, substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning
  • Cosmetic, an adjective describing beauty, aesthetics, or appearance, especially concerning the human body
  • Cosmetic, a topical product that is not a drug
  • In-game cosmetics, video game virtual goods that generally offer no competitive advantage

See also

[edit]

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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