Surrey Basement Finishing

Surrey Basement Finishing

Affordable home remodeling Surrey

Trust us to turn your renovation dreams into a tangible reality, with craftsmanship that speaks for itself and a commitment to excellence that's unmatched. Their expert project management ensures that your renovation journey is a positive, fulfilling experience from start to finish. Learn more about Custom home renovation Surrey BC here. Learn more about Surrey Basement Finishing here Their project management approach isn't just about keeping things on track. We're talking about solar-powered lighting solutions, energy-efficient appliances, and water-saving fixtures that blend seamlessly into your home's design. At Canyon Property Projects, we elevate your home renovation experience by offering unparalleled, personalized service that sets us apart in the industry.
They're not just about renovating homes; they're about building a stronger, more connected community. During this initial step, we'll dive deep into what you envision for your space, the scope of the renovation, and any specific requirements or challenges your property might present. They've got a specialist for that. It's not just about the drastic changes; it's about how these renovations reflect the unique styles and needs of each homeowner.
They're not just changing homes; they're redefining expectations, turning every project into a bespoke masterpiece that mirrors the dreams of its inhabitants. They're not just renovations; they're transformations that enhance lives, proving you're making the right choice with Canyon Property Projects. Next up, meet Maria Gonzalez, our interior design guru. Their meticulous attention to detail and commitment to customer satisfaction set them apart.
This approach ensures you're not just getting the best in class service but also value for your hard-earned money. We've documented our journey in each project, showing you the initial state of disrepair or outdated style, followed by the meticulous process of renovation, and culminating in a stunning reveal. You'll work closely with professionals who understand how to translate your ideas into reality while also advising on the best materials and innovative solutions to meet your goals.

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We understand the importance of blending functionality with aesthetics, which is why we focus on both the big picture and the minute details of your renovation project. Home addition services

Building on our commitment to unmatched service quality, Canyon Property Projects offers a wide array of renovation services to meet diverse needs and preferences. In the ever-evolving landscape of home improvement, many have found a haven in Canyon Property Projects for their renovation needs in Surrey Basement Finishing. They're also keen on energy efficiency, installing LED lighting, high-efficiency heating systems, and double-glazed windows to keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer, slashing your energy bills and reducing your carbon footprint. A quick call can often answer immediate questions and set up a more detailed discussion.

You're involved in the decision-making process from start to finish. Their team of experienced designers listens to your ideas, preferences, and the specific requirements you have for your living space. Hardwood floor refinishing You won't have to juggle multiple contractors or worry about the coherence of the final result.

With their suite of renovation services, you're not just upgrading your space; you're redefining your living experience. Alternatively, personal loans can fill the gap. Bathroom tile renovation This option taps into the value you've already built in your home, offering you a potentially large sum to cover renovation costs.

Canyon Property Projects' team excels in expertly managing your renovation project, ensuring efficiency and quality from conception to completion. Building on their innovative use of technology, Canyon Property also excels in project management, ensuring your renovation is completed on time and within budget. You won't have to worry about hidden costs or cutting corners.

Citations and other links

Surrey Basement Finishing General Contractor

Our aim is to minimize disruptions to your daily life, completing the project efficiently and to the highest quality. They're not just builders; they're creators of spaces that inspire culinary creativity and bring families together. At Canyon Property Projects, we know that a one-size-fits-all approach doesn't work for everyone. They've built a reputation for delivering top-notch results, all while ensuring the process is smooth and transparent. When you partner with us, you'll have access to a comprehensive range of home renovation services designed to meet every need and exceed your expectations.

As you ponder the future of home renovation, consider how this company is transforming dreams into reality. Canyon Property transforms your kitchen into the heart of your home with expert remodeling services tailored to your style and needs. They start by listening to you, understanding what you love, what you need, and what you've always dreamt your home could be. Our project managers are seasoned experts, each with a deep understanding of both the technical and human elements of home renovation. Vanity replacement

You've got a vision, and we've got the roadmap to bring it to life.

Surrey Basement Finishing - Energy-efficient renovations

  1. Deck and patio remodeling
  2. Home theater installation
  3. Permit and code compliance
  4. Basement finishing
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  6. Home layout redesign
  7. Basement suite construction
  8. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  9. Crown molding installation
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  12. Home improvement services
  13. Laundry room renovation
  14. Project management
  15. Exterior siding replacement
  16. Home improvement ideas Surrey
  17. Outdoor kitchen installation
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  19. Custom cabinetry
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That's why we offer energy-efficient upgrades to help reduce your utility bills and improve your home's overall comfort. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. knows the importance of adaptability in today's homes and focuses on creating spaces that reflect this need. Your project manager will guide you through each choice, ensuring you're aware of the most sustainable options available.

The attention to detail is evident in every project, showcasing how personalized touches can truly make a space feel like home. Once you're happy and give the green light, they'll kick off the project, keeping you informed and involved every step of the way. Once you've agreed on the details, they'll get to work creating a detailed plan. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. excels in breaking down the complexity of home renovations into manageable steps that align with your vision and budget.

Surrey Basement Finishing General Contractor
Surrey Basement Finishing Renovation Specialists

Surrey Basement Finishing Renovation Specialists

We listen carefully to your ideas and concerns, ensuring that communication remains open and consistent throughout the project. We take pride in our transparency and communication. And that's why you're not just building homes-you're helping to strengthen the community foundation.

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Their team works closely with you from the get-go, incorporating your ideas and preferences into the design plan.

With Canyon Property's project management excellence, you're not just renovating your home; you're enhancing your life. Smart home upgrades What sets them apart is their dedication to customer satisfaction. Lighting upgrades You'll find we're sticklers for schedules.

The Canyon Property difference lies in their commitment to tailoring every project to the individual homeowner, ensuring that no two renovations are alike. Emma, a recent client, added, 'Their communication throughout the process was outstanding.

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We've embraced solar energy solutions, incorporating solar panels and eco-friendly lighting fixtures to decrease your carbon footprint.

Another option is a personal loan. Imagine integrating smart home technology that simplifies your daily routine or using eco-friendly materials that reduce your carbon footprint without compromising on aesthetics. Don't forget to check out their social media profiles.

Surrey Basement Finishing Bathroom Layout Redesign

Leading our construction team is Jack Taylor, a master builder with a keen understanding of quality and sustainability. You'll notice kitchens that have been expanded and modernized, living spaces that have been reimagined for comfort and functionality, and exteriors that have been upgraded to enhance curb appeal and durability. These testimonials from delighted customers illustrate why Canyon Property Projects is a preferred choice for homeowners in Surrey Basement Finishing seeking reliable, high-quality renovation services. Imagine stepping into your kitchen and being greeted by sleek countertops, state-of-the-art appliances, and lighting that makes every inch look like it's out of a magazine.

Initially, you'll sit down with their design team to share your vision, needs, and the unique characteristics of your space. We listen, suggest, and refine, ensuring the final design reflects your personality and meets your daily needs. At Canyon Property Projects, we dive deep into your desires, ensuring that every facet of the renovation process is clear and tailored to your expectations.

Next, our team conducts an in-depth assessment of your property. Exterior home renovation With Canyon Property Projects, it's all within reach. They're not just talking about installing energy-efficient appliances or LED lighting-though that's part of it.

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  • Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  • Modern home renovation Surrey
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Kitchen cabinet replacement
  • Interior painting
  • Countertop installation
  • Mudroom design
  • Home office renovation
  • Structural renovation
  • Surrey renovation project planning
  • House remodeling experts
  • Toilet installation
  • Flooring installation
  • Accessible home design
  • Interior remodeling
  • Foundation repair
  • Closet renovations
  • Painting and wall finishes


This expansion offers you a unique opportunity to explore custom renovation solutions and innovative design approaches tailored to breathe new life into your home. One key error is underestimating your budget. It'll be a true reflection of you, making it a place where you'll love to live for years to come.

Surrey Basement Finishing Bathroom Layout Redesign
Residential Remodeling Surrey Basement Finishing
Residential Remodeling Surrey Basement Finishing

You're not just another project to them; you're a partner in the creative process. Deciding on Canyon Property Projects for your home renovation means choosing a partner committed to bringing your vision to life with excellence and precision. From your cozy living room to the serene bedroom spaces, they've got you covered with comprehensive home renovations that breathe new life into your property. Moreover, Canyon Property Projects Ltd prioritizes recycling and minimizing waste during your renovation.
In essence, they make sure your investment in your home pays off, both in terms of enjoyment and future resale value. They stand out in the crowded market for several compelling reasons. Fence and gate installation That's why they're dedicated to creating environments that not only meet your practical needs but also reflect your personal style and comfort.
Reaching out to Canyon Property Projects is the first step towards transforming your home. With Canyon Property Projects Ltd., your renovation journey is as distinctive as your home. Affordable home remodeling Surrey Water conservation is also a key focus, with options for low-flow fixtures and rainwater harvesting systems that can significantly reduce your household's water footprint. Read more about Surrey Basement Finishing here
These aren't just any workers; they're specialists in their fields, ensuring that whether you're updating a kitchen, transforming a bathroom, or adding an extension to your home, you're covered by the best in the business. Whether you're dreaming of a serene, spa-like bathroom retreat or a vibrant, open-plan kitchen that becomes the heart of your home, they've got the expertise to make it happen. They then use this insight to create a customized design plan that not only meets but exceeds your expectations.

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  • Home improvement services
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  • Renovation cost estimates
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  • Eco-friendly renovations

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By leveraging their experience and resources, they're able to anticipate challenges and mitigate them before they become issues. This unwavering commitment to customer satisfaction hasn't only set them apart in Surrey Basement Finishing but has also cultivated a loyal customer base that trusts them with their homes time and time again. Door installation It's not just beautiful; it's eco-conscious too!' she shared enthusiastically. You're involved in every step, from selecting materials to finalizing designs.
Building on our commitment to sustainability, let's hear directly from clients who've experienced the Canyon Property Projects difference firsthand. Choosing Canyon Property Projects Ltd means you're opting for a seamless blend of quality, reliability, and unmatched expertise. Your living room, previously a cluttered, confined space, has been opened up to become the heart of your home, where light floods in, adding warmth and depth to your daily life.
They use only the finest materials and the latest techniques to ensure your renovation stands the test of time. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. sets a new standard in craftsmanship excellence, ensuring your home renovation stands out with unmatched quality and attention to detail. You're not just another project to us; you're a partner in creating the home of your dreams.

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  1. Surrey renovation project planning
  2. House remodeling experts
  3. Toilet installation
  4. Flooring installation
  5. Accessible home design
  6. Interior remodeling
  7. Foundation repair
  8. Closet renovations
  9. Painting and wall finishes
  10. Deck and patio remodeling
  11. Home theater installation
  12. Permit and code compliance
  13. Basement finishing
  14. Garage conversion
  15. Home layout redesign
  16. Basement suite construction
  17. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  18. Crown molding installation
  19. Baseboard and trim renovation
  20. Laminate flooring installation

From the initial idea to the final touches, they've got you covered. They used sustainable materials that reduced our carbon footprint and still delivered top-notch quality. From custom cabinetry and countertops to state-of-the-art appliances and innovative storage solutions, Canyon Property covers every detail.

Explore Surrey Basement Finishing here
Surrey Basement Finishing Home Enhancement
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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