Exclusive Bus Rental Vancouver

Exclusive Bus Rental Vancouver

City tour bus

Whether you're planning a small team retreat, a large conference, or anything in between, they've got you covered. From scenic drives through the Canadian Rockies to exploring Vancouver's vibrant city life, you have the power to create the perfect trip. Group transportation They can do that. Stick around, and you'll discover how Star Coach is not only transporting passengers but also transporting the industry into a new era of luxury and responsibility.

Tour transportation

  1. Wedding bus rental
  2. Event transportation
  3. Group transportation
  4. Corporate bus rental
  5. Comfortable bus rental
  6. Luxury transportation
  7. Bus services
  8. Mini coach rental
  9. Casino shuttle
  10. Party bus
  11. Sport team transportation
  12. Bus transportation
  13. Bus provider
  14. Bus driver service
  15. Bus rental for tours
  16. Vancouver BC
  17. Charter shuttle service
  18. Custom bus rental
Post-trip, expect a follow-up to ensure your journey met all your expectations. Learn more about Exclusive Bus Rental Vancouver here
Imagine gliding through the bustling streets of downtown Vancouver, where every corner offers a new discovery, in the comfort and style of a Star Coach bus.

Metro Vancouver

  • Casino shuttle
  • Party bus
  • Sport team transportation
  • Bus transportation
  • Bus provider
  • Bus driver service
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Vancouver BC
  • Charter shuttle service
  • Custom bus rental
  • Transport charter
  • Bus leasing
  • Executive bus charter
  • Downtown Vancouver
  • Vancouver region
They promise to make your special occasion unforgettable, with seamless transportation that's just as memorable as the event itself. Don't worry if you're not sure about every detail yet; there's room for flexibility. Learn more about Star Coach here. That's why they've structured their pricing to be transparent and straightforward, allowing you to budget efficiently without any surprises.
And with a dedicated team ready to assist you, customizing your trip down to the last detail is effortless. Comfortable bus rental This means you won't pay for more than what you need. Our buses aren't just about luxury; they're about creating the right impression and setting the tone for your event. Choosing Star Coach means you're making a statement.
You'll find their team attentive to every detail. From the moment you book until you reach your destination, Star Coach's experienced drivers and staff are committed to providing a level of service that goes beyond just transportation. They're ready to assist you with any changes or additional requests to ensure your trip is exactly how you envisioned it. This flexibility makes it easy to tailor your travel plans to your group's exact requirements.

Imagine gliding through the bustling streets and serene landscapes of this coastal city, all while ensconced in unparalleled comfort. Everything's taken care of, allowing you to focus on the event's goals. Moreover, Star Coach's customer service is top-notch.

Tour bus rental

  1. Field trip bus
  2. Safe bus rental
  3. Airport transfer
  4. British Columbia
  5. Hourly bus rental
  6. Charter transportation
  7. Bus charter
  8. Bus travel
  9. Transport services
  10. Event shuttles
  11. Coach hire
  12. Charter vehicle
  13. Vancouver area
  14. Shuttle service
  15. Long-distance bus
  16. Luxury bus rental
The designers have thought of everything to make your journey as comfortable as it's stylish. Let's be part of your next occasion, and we'll ensure it's as memorable as the event itself.

Imagine planning your next trip or event in Vancouver, and you're looking for luxury transportation. They've set the bar high, transforming ordinary travel into an extraordinary journey. Understanding the importance of environmental preservation, Star Coach Bus Rentals offers eco-friendly transportation options to lessen their carbon footprint in Vancouver. Each seat is designed to offer the utmost in relaxation, ensuring a smooth ride from start to finish.

This means you can design your trip exactly how you want it, ensuring every detail matches your preferences and needs. Their team goes above and beyond to accommodate your schedule, preferences, and any special requests you might have. Need a tour guide to provide insights during your journey? You're comfortably seated, gazing out at the stunning vistas, without a worry about navigating or parking.

Exploring Vancouver becomes an unforgettable adventure when you're aboard one of our luxury buses, designed to elevate every moment of your journey. The interiors are nothing short of lavish, featuring plush seating, state-of-the-art entertainment systems, and onboard Wi-Fi to keep you connected on the move. You'll find their staff to be not just responsive but proactive, anticipating your needs before they even arise. Star Coach's commitment to combining aesthetics with function means you get the best of both worlds.

Executive Bus Rental Vancouver

As of 2016, the Port of Vancouver is the fourth-largest port by tonnage in the Americas, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have turned Greater Vancouver and nearby areas into one of the largest film production centres in North America, earning it the nickname "Hollywood North"

Citations and other links

High-End Limousine Coach Vancouver

Star Coach understands that every group has unique needs, so they offer customizable options to match. You can choose from a wide range of high-end amenities, including premium seating, state-of-the-art entertainment systems, onboard Wi-Fi, and gourmet catering options. You're not just traveling; you're making memories in sheer style and comfort, transforming what would be ordinary commutes into integral parts of your Vancouver adventure. Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for a travel experience that's unmatched in elegance and reliability. The climate control ensures the environment is always to your liking, whether you're cooling down on a hot summer day or warming up during the chill of winter.

No matter the size of your group or the nature of your journey, they've got the vehicle that's just right for you. Its design maximizes every inch of space, so you can stretch out your legs, relax, and enjoy the journey without feeling boxed in. This holistic approach to eco-friendly practices makes Star Coach stand out in the luxury transportation sector. It's not just a bus ride; it's an experience that caters to your every need.

It's a touch of elegance that adds to the special day. Tour transportation They understand that no two trips are the same. Each vehicle is meticulously maintained and features state-of-the-art amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's memorable. We don't just meet the basic requirements; we exceed them to provide you with peace of mind during your travels. Lower Mainland BC Community bus service

They've gone above and beyond to ensure their vehicles aren't just about getting from point A to B; they're about making a statement. We understand that the quality of your ride directly impacts your travel experience, which is why we're committed to providing nothing but the best. Their commitment to quality and customer satisfaction sets them apart, ensuring your journey isn't just a trip, but a highlight of your event. The luxury and reliability they offer are unmatched.'Mark, who booked a tour for his photography club, says, 'The panoramic windows and spacious seating on the bus made our photo journey through Vancouver incredibly enjoyable.

High-End Limousine Coach Vancouver
Luxury Bus Charter Vancouver

Luxury Bus Charter Vancouver

You're not just limited to choosing destinations; you can also select onboard amenities and services to enhance your experience. It's not just a ride; it's a journey tailored to your desire for sophistication and comfort. You'll appreciate knowing that every trip you take contributes to a greener planet. You can forget about navigating through traffic or finding parking spots.
Once you've filled in all the details, submit your request. Star Coach's team works meticulously to match the right vehicle and amenities to your specific occasion. Corporate bus rental It's a seamless blend of comfort, style, and conscientious living.
Plus, if you're unsure about any part of the process, Star Coach's customer service team is just a phone call or email away, ready to assist you with any questions.

Comfortable bus rental

  • City tour bus
  • Private group transport
  • Passenger bus rental
  • Community bus service
  • Tour bus rental
  • Bus line
  • Private bus rental
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Tour transportation
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Event transportation
  • Group transportation
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Comfortable bus rental
  • Luxury transportation
  • Bus services
  • Mini coach rental
Read more about Exclusive Bus Rental Vancouver here Imagine boarding a bus that runs on clean energy, emitting far less pollution than traditional vehicles. The onboard amenities, including clean and spacious restrooms, add an extra layer of convenience, ensuring your travel experience isn't just comfortable but thoroughly enjoyable.
You're looking for value without compromise, and that's exactly what we deliver. But that's not all. Fancy a bit of luxury with leather seats and a minibar for a special celebration?

Luxury Charter Chauffeured Coach Vancouver

They're responsive, understanding, and flexible, ready to accommodate your specific needs and schedules. Imagine swapping the cramped seats and endless stops of standard group transport for the plush, spacious interiors of a luxury Prevost H3-45 coach. It asks for basic information such as your travel dates, number of passengers, and any specific requests you might have. You'll be whisked away in unparalleled comfort, with luxury seating that ensures every moment of your journey is as enjoyable as the destinations themselves. It's not just a ride; it's an experience that elevates your group travel to the next level.

You won't have to worry about timing either; their expert coordinators work closely with you to plan every detail, from pick-up times to the best routes, ensuring punctuality and a smooth ride. These testimonials are just a glimpse into the positive impact Star Coach has had on various events and corporate functions. In addition, Star Coach has implemented a robust COVID-19 response, including enhanced cleaning protocols and social distancing measures, to ensure your health and well-being during these unprecedented times. Event transportation It's their attention to detail and customer service that really sets them apart.

Whether you're planning a wedding, corporate event, school trip, or a special night out with friends, their fleet of high-end buses can accommodate your group with unparalleled elegance.

Comfortable bus rental

  1. Long-distance bus
  2. Luxury bus rental
  3. School bus rental
  4. Vancouver
  5. Convention transport
  6. Crew shuttle
  7. Licensed bus operators
  8. Downtown bus rental
  9. Greater Vancouver
  10. Team travel
  11. Bus excursion
  12. Bus packages
  13. Vancouver city
  14. Festival shuttle
  15. Wedding bus rental
  16. Lower Mainland BC
  17. Tour transportation
  18. Metro Vancouver
  19. Sightseeing bus
For those who prefer a personal touch, our dedicated customer service team is on standby. Delving into the luxurious interior of Star Coach's buses, you'll find an array of exclusive onboard amenities designed to cater to your every need. Want to spend the morning exploring the vibrant art scene in Mount Pleasant before heading to Granville Island for lunch?

From state-of-the-art GPS tracking systems that monitor buses in real-time to advanced emergency braking systems, they've got it all covered. For your comfort, we've installed adjustable lighting and climate controls at every seat, allowing you to create your own personal oasis. They'll work closely with you to understand your preferences and ensure the onboard amenities reflect the exclusivity of your event. Imagine not worrying about navigating through traffic or finding parking in the bustling city.

Luxury Charter Chauffeured Coach Vancouver
Deluxe VIP Bus Service Vancouver
Deluxe VIP Bus Service Vancouver

You're in capable hands with their team of professional drivers who've undergone extensive background checks and participate in ongoing training programs focused on defensive driving and emergency response techniques. Imagine not having to worry about the logistics of your trip because you've got a team that's got it all covered. With Star Coach, you're covered for every occasion, making every journey as exceptional as the destination. Through consistent delivery of high-quality service and a fleet that boasts the latest in comfort and technology, they've carved out a niche that's hard to compete with.

They've done their homework, comparing their prices with other providers in Vancouver, to make sure you're getting a top-notch service without breaking the bank. It's that simple. Thinking about a guided tour with knowledgeable commentary throughout Vancouver?

With these exclusive onboard amenities, you'll arrive at your destination feeling refreshed and pampered. For those who appreciate the finer details, mood lighting and an on-board entertainment system offer an ambience that can be tailored to the preferences of your group, creating a truly bespoke travel experience.

Tour transportation

  1. Lower Mainland BC
  2. Tour transportation
  3. Metro Vancouver
  4. Sightseeing bus
  5. Event transportation
  6. Group transportation
  7. Corporate bus rental
  8. Comfortable bus rental
  9. Luxury transportation
  10. Bus services
  11. Mini coach rental
  12. Casino shuttle
  13. Party bus
  14. Sport team transportation
  15. Bus transportation
  16. Bus provider
  17. Bus driver service
  18. Bus rental for tours
  19. Vancouver BC
  20. Charter shuttle service
With Star Coach, you're not just getting from point A to point B; you're treated to a premium travel experience that elevates your journey.

With onboard Wi-Fi, you can stay connected to the internet, ensuring you're not missing out on important emails or your social media feeds. We also invest in advanced safety features and technology to further enhance your security. Star Coach offers tailored corporate travel packages designed to meet the specific needs of your business, ensuring a seamless journey for you and your team.

Deluxe Bus Charter Vancouver

Each bus in their fleet isn't just a mode of transport; it's a statement of luxury and reliability. In short, Star Coach's dedication to exceptional customer service isn't just about meeting expectations; it's about exceeding them, ensuring that every aspect of your luxury bus rental experience in Vancouver is nothing short of spectacular. At Star Coach Bus Rentals, safety isn't just a priority; it's a constant commitment that ensures every trip you take is as secure as it's comfortable. After customizing your travel experience with Star Coach, you'll find their booking process to be equally straightforward and user-friendly. Bus line It's like having an extra set of eyes that constantly monitors road conditions, keeping you safe when the weather turns bad.
Next, your journey takes you to the bustling Granville Island, where the public market presents an array of local delicacies, artisan crafts, and lively performers. Metro Vancouver With your customized travel plan in place, booking your trip with Star Coach Bus Rentals is an effortless process. You'll find more legroom than you'd expect, allowing you to stretch out and enjoy the ride without feeling cramped. You can rest easy knowing that reliability is a cornerstone of their service.
This level of service, combined with the luxurious amenities offered on their buses, sets Star Coach apart in the Vancouver bus rental market. You're not just getting a ride; you're crafting an experience. You're no longer limited to the traditional, cramped modes of transportation for your team's travel needs. With Star Coach, strategic route planning isn't just a service-it's a promise for a stress-free travel experience.
Whether it's coordinating multiple pick-up points for a city-wide tech conference or ensuring your family is pampered on the way to a reunion, they're on it. We understand that peace of mind is crucial when you're traveling, so we've gone the extra mile to integrate comprehensive safety protocols across our fleet. Whether it's selecting the perfect vehicle for your group size or crafting a custom itinerary, they're all about making your experience as comfortable and hassle-free as possible. You've got WiFi, plush seats, and ample space, turning travel time into an extension of the office where ideas can flow freely.

Explore Exclusive Bus Rental Vancouver here
Deluxe Bus Charter Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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