Luxury Group Bus Rental Vancouver

Luxury Group Bus Rental Vancouver

Transport services

Star Coach understands the importance of flexibility and strives to accommodate any request, big or small. Picture a day spent hopping from one award-winning winery to another, savoring fine wines and local cuisine, without the hassle of driving. You won't have to settle for a one-size-fits-all approach. Once your booking is confirmed, you'll receive a detailed confirmation email, outlining everything you need to know about your upcoming journey. Learn more about Star Coach here. Learn more about Luxury Group Bus Rental Vancouver here
From the moment you reach out for a booking, you're met with a team eager to tailor every detail to your preferences. Star Coach elevates your special day with bespoke wedding packages designed to complement their premier event transportation, ensuring your journey to the altar is as memorable as the ceremony itself. Star Coach doesn't just get you to your destination; they make the journey part of the event. Safe bus rental
Many have shared their exceptional experiences with Star Coach's bus rental services in Vancouver, highlighting the company's commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction. That's the experience our clients rave about.

Convention transport

  1. Charter shuttle service
  2. Downtown bus rental
  3. Shuttle service
  4. Custom bus rental
  5. British Columbia
  6. Crew shuttle
  7. Casino shuttle
  8. Downtown Vancouver
  9. Bus provider
  10. Bus driver service
  11. Vancouver area
  12. Party bus
  13. Safe bus rental
  14. Convention transport
  15. Event shuttles
Whether you're heading to a corporate event, a wedding, or a sightseeing tour, we tailor our route planning to your specific needs.

Safe bus rental

  • Coach hire
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Transport charter
  • Charter vehicle
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus travel
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Festival shuttle
  • Vancouver
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Charter transportation
  • Bus packages
  • Luxury transportation
  • Sport team transportation
  • Bus rental for tours

Each bus in their fleet undergoes regular, comprehensive inspections and maintenance. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a sightseeing tour, or a special celebration, Star Coach has a range of luxurious buses to fit your needs. This human touch transforms a simple ride into a pleasant travel experience.

You won't have to worry about fitting everyone in one vehicle or making multiple trips. Star Coach's luxury fleet stands out in Vancouver, offering you unparalleled comfort and style for your travels. Rest assured, when you're on board, you're in good hands. Whether it's a corporate event, a wedding, or a scenic tour around Vancouver, their fleet stands ready to elevate your group travel to a level of luxury that's hard to find elsewhere. You'll find that each bus in their fleet boasts a sleek, modern design both inside and out.

Real-time tracking allows you to keep an eye on your route, and flexible scheduling means last-minute changes won't disrupt your plans. If you're organizing a tour, our buses ensure that everyone enjoys the journey as much as the destination, with amenities that make long trips feel short and sweet. Personal charging stations ensure your devices are always powered up, so you never miss out. With them, you're not just booking a ride; you're crafting a personalized adventure. Bus leasing

Consider it done. First, the Prevost H3-45 boasts an Electronic Stability Program (ESP), significantly reducing the risk of skidding or loss of control in slippery conditions.

Bus transportation

  • Event shuttles
  • Vancouver city
  • Team travel
  • Mini coach rental
  • School bus rental
  • Coach hire
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Transport charter
  • Charter vehicle
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus travel
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Festival shuttle
  • Vancouver
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Charter transportation
  • Bus packages
  • Luxury transportation
  • Sport team transportation
You've got the freedom to design your itinerary, from the iconic Stanley Park to the historic Gastown, without worrying about schedules or stops. Understanding your unique travel needs, Star Coach offers customized travel experiences to ensure your journey is exactly how you envision it.

Whether you're planning a corporate event, a family reunion, or a luxurious getaway with friends, we've got you covered. Want Wi-Fi connectivity, onboard entertainment, or refreshments? However, Star Coach differentiates itself through a blend of unmatched luxury fleet options, tailored travel experiences, and exceptional customer service that genuinely stands apart. In short, they've set a new standard for bus travel, where you don't just reach your destination, you do so feeling refreshed and relaxed.



Safe bus rental

  1. Shuttle service
  2. Custom bus rental
  3. British Columbia
  4. Crew shuttle
  5. Casino shuttle
  6. Downtown Vancouver
  7. Bus provider
  8. Bus driver service
  9. Vancouver area
  10. Party bus
  11. Bus transportation
  12. Bus excursion
  13. Executive bus charter
  14. Field trip bus
  15. Safe bus rental
  16. Convention transport

Vancouver Transportation Logistics

Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The Metro Vancouver area had a population of 2.6 million in 2021, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Greater Vancouver, along with the Fraser Valley, comprises the Lower Mainland with a regional population of over 3 million. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,700 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,000/sq mi), and the fourth highest in North America (after New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City).

Citations and other links

Vancouver VIP Bus Service

It's also about consistently delivering high-quality service, maintaining their fleet to avoid breakdowns, and being prepared for any situation that might arise. Their drivers are more than just operators; they're ambassadors of the Star Coach experience. To secure your booking, a deposit is required, with the balance due closer to your departure date. Bus services With Star Coach's executive fleet, you're not just traveling; you're indulging in an experience that sets a new standard for bus rental in Vancouver.

So, when you book with Star Coach, you're not just getting a bus; you're securing peace of mind knowing you've made a cost-effective choice without compromising on quality. You'll find yourself surrounded by an environment that's both elegant and equipped to cater to your every need. They praised Star Coach for its punctuality, professionalism, and the exceptional condition of the buses, noting how the seamless transportation contributed significantly to the event's success.

Plus, with advanced climate control systems, you're guaranteed a comfortable environment, no matter the weather outside. They've designed their pricing structure with you in mind, ensuring that you get top-notch service without breaking the bank. And let's not forget the fun times!

Star Coach's legacy in the Vancouver bus rental market is built on decades of reliable service and customer satisfaction. Imagine sipping your favorite wine while gliding through the city or having a dedicated guide narrate the rich history of Vancouver's landmarks. Their fleet isn't just diverse; it's meticulously maintained and equipped with the latest amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's reliable.

Vancouver VIP Bus Service
Elite Limousine Coach Vancouver

Elite Limousine Coach Vancouver

It's all part of how we make your travel experience not just a journey, but a pleasure. You're not just choosing a premium travel option; you're supporting a company that's serious about protecting the environment. Star Coach also offers flexible payment plans, making it easier to manage your budget. Vancouver BC Stick with us to uncover the layers of excellence that have clients singing their praises and why exploring Vancouver with Star Coach might just be the upgrade your travel plans need.

Imagine not having to fret over logistics for your next big conference or the transportation plan for your wedding guests. But safety isn't the only priority; your comfort is equally paramount. It's not just a ride; it's your gateway to discovering the very soul of Vancouver, making every moment aboard as memorable as the destinations themselves.

You won't need designated drivers, and the party starts the moment you board. Lastly, the Prevost H3-45's advanced braking system, including ABS and disc brakes, ensures you've got reliable stopping power at your fingertips, reducing the chances of accidents. Star Coach hasn't just focused on comfort; they've also prioritized safety.

Your Vancouver experience is enhanced not only by the destinations but by the journey itself. From the plush seating that whispers comfort to the entertainment features that keep the boredom at bay, there's a lot to discuss about how these buses are redefining travel norms. This isn't by accident.

Vancouver Luxury Coach Hire

What's more, Star Coach adds special touches to make your day even more unforgettable. Moreover, their drivers aren't just skilled at navigating the roads but are also courteous and well-versed in customer service excellence. With Star Coach Bus Rentals, you're not just getting a bus; you're getting a partner who values your comfort and safety as much as you do. And don't worry about getting hungry or thirsty along the way; the onboard snack and beverage service has got you covered, offering a selection of refreshments to keep you satisfied. From fuel-efficient buses to rigorous recycling programs, every aspect of our service is designed with the environment in mind.
Rest assured, planning your journey with Star Coach is the first step toward a remarkable travel experience. You'll have access to a range of buses, each equipped with amenities that ensure comfort and productivity on the go. Vancouver's Star Coach Bus Rentals redefine comfort, ensuring you experience unparalleled relaxation during your journey. Moreover, we're constantly updating our safety measures in line with the latest health guidelines, including enhanced cleaning procedures to protect against Covid-19.
When you're planning a corporate event or organizing travel for a large group, you want the assurance that transportation will be the least of your worries. Read more about Luxury Group Bus Rental Vancouver here Their corporate packages aren't just about transporting you from point A to point B; they're about creating an experience. First off, head to their website. Whether you're drawn to the pulsing heart of downtown, the serene landscapes of Stanley Park, or the cultural richness of Granville Island, you have the freedom to choose.
Safety and comfort are their top priorities, so you can rest assured that every detail, from the driver's expertise to the vehicle's maintenance, is taken care of. Bus excursion High-speed Wi-Fi and power outlets at every seat mean you can keep your devices charged and stay in touch with the world outside, without skipping a beat.

Airport transfer

  1. Vancouver
  2. Luxury bus rental
  3. Charter transportation
  4. Bus packages
  5. Luxury transportation
  6. Sport team transportation
  7. Bus rental for tours
  8. Wedding bus rental
  9. Charter shuttle service
  10. Downtown bus rental
  11. Shuttle service
  12. Custom bus rental
  13. British Columbia
  14. Crew shuttle
  15. Casino shuttle
  16. Downtown Vancouver
  17. Bus provider
This means you're not left to navigate the overwhelming options alone. Fancy a bit of group fun?

Vancouver Luxury Coach Hire
Chauffeured Bus Hire Vancouver
Chauffeured Bus Hire Vancouver

Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for a stress-free, reliable, and premium travel experience. Transitioning to personal celebrations, luxury bus rental in Vancouver can significantly elevate your wedding transportation, ensuring that your guests arrive in style and comfort. Having explored the stellar reviews and client experiences, it's now time to discover how you can embark on your own Star Coach journey. Their customer service team is a call away, ready to assist with any queries or special requests you might have.

Stick around, and you'll discover how their legacy, combined with an unwavering commitment to excellence, has not only captured but retained the attention and loyalty of a discerning customer base. And for those who prefer quiet time, noise-canceling headphones are provided to help you find your peace. You'll also notice a theme of gratitude for the personalized attention to detail.

Moreover, feedback is something they don't just welcome but actively seek out. Convention transport Having explored the exceptional customer service that sets Star Coach apart, let's now focus on the versatile rental solutions they offer to meet any need you may have. Whether it's for corporate, family, or leisure travel, it's clear that Star Coach goes above and beyond to ensure a luxurious and seamless experience for all its passengers.

Stepping into the luxury segment of bus rentals in Vancouver, the Prevost H3-45 presents an unparalleled blend of comfort and style. And for those longer trips, onboard restrooms are maintained to the highest standards of cleanliness and convenience, ensuring you arrive at your destination feeling refreshed. You're provided with a fleet of luxury buses that cater to any corporate requirement, whether it's shuttling employees to a conference, entertaining clients with a city tour, or organizing a team-building retreat.



Airport transfer

  1. Transport services
  2. Licensed bus operators
  3. Long-distance bus
  4. Bus leasing
  5. Bus charter
  6. Bus services
  7. Vancouver BC
  8. Airport transfer
  9. Bus transportation
  10. Bus excursion
  11. Executive bus charter
  12. Field trip bus
  13. Safe bus rental
  14. Convention transport
  15. Event shuttles
  16. Vancouver city
  17. Team travel
  18. Mini coach rental
  19. School bus rental
Vancouver High-End Bus Service

Understanding your unique needs, we offer tailored travel experiences that cater precisely to your preferences and requirements. Star Coach prides itself on transparency, so you won't have to worry about hidden fees. Your coordinator can also help with scheduling, ensuring you've got enough time for all your planned activities without feeling rushed. Plus, if you have any questions or need to tailor your rental to specific requirements, Star Coach's customer support is just a call or an email away, ready to assist you with efficiency and friendliness.
This isn't just any bus; it's a statement on wheels, designed to elevate your travel experience to levels you've never imagined. Event shuttles Instead of the typical shoulder-to-shoulder setup, you'll enjoy seating that's designed for interaction and personal space. Next, you'll choose your pickup and drop-off locations, along with the date and time that suit your schedule best.
Star Coach maintains the highest standards of hygiene, with thorough cleaning and sanitization protocols in place before and after every trip. From the moment you reach out, you'll work with a dedicated coordinator who'll listen to your requirements and suggest the best options for your journey. We've trained our drivers extensively in both defensive driving and emergency response techniques, ensuring they're prepared for any situation that might arise during your journey.
Once you've submitted the form, a Star Coach representative will get in touch with you to discuss your needs further. They're not just transporting you; they're adding to the magic of your day. Plush seating, ambient lighting, and a spacious layout invite you to relax and enjoy the ride. Long-distance bus

Explore Luxury Group Bus Rental Vancouver here

Bus transportation

  1. Team travel
  2. Mini coach rental
  3. School bus rental
  4. Coach hire
  5. Hourly bus rental
  6. Transport charter
  7. Charter vehicle
  8. Vancouver region
  9. Bus travel
  10. Greater Vancouver
  11. Festival shuttle
  12. Vancouver
  13. Luxury bus rental
  14. Charter transportation
  15. Bus packages
  16. Luxury transportation
  17. Sport team transportation
  18. Bus rental for tours
  19. Wedding bus rental
Vancouver High-End Bus Service
An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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